On June 24, 1945, on Red Square in Moscow, the majestic ranks of the Soviet Red Army were inspected by the honor of the motherland and the people. This is a victory that they bought with their blood and lives after the arduous Great Patriotic War.
On this day, the supreme leader of the Soviet Union, Stalin, was not physically present due to health reasons. His representative, Marshal Zhukov, riding a white horse, appeared in front of the paraded troops.
From the rostrum, Stalin waved enthusiastically and smiled at the troops passing by. The eyes of the warriors also showed tears of excitement. Because they know that in this great war they paid too much sacrifice.
However, before the outbreak of the Great Patriotic War, the USSR was a backward country. It has just taken 10 years to complete the transformation from an agrarian to an industrial country. When Germany invaded the Soviet Union, many doubted whether the Soviet Union would be able to withstand the enemy's attack.
In the opinion of many later historians, it was a miracle that Stalin was able to build the Soviet Union into an industrial power in ten years!
Well, how did Stalin do this?What kind of reforms did he carry out in the USSR?What impact did his reforms have on the subsequent development of the Soviet Union?
Joseph. Stalin)
Let's take a look back at this history.
Lenin's "regret".
It is well known that before the revolution, the Russian Empire was the weakest link in the imperialist camp. The productive forces of this country are very backward, and there are sharp class contradictions in society.
** After the success of the revolution, the nascent Soviet Russia was plunged into a long civil war. Lenin and Trotsky and others had to devote most of their energies to military affairs.
In 1922, the Russian Civil War ended with the complete victory of the Soviet Red Army. However, the war also caused huge losses to Soviet Russia. The country is in ruins.
Lenin) Lenin understood that the hostility of the capitalist countries to the USSR was long-term. Therefore, the USSR had to build its own industrial system as soon as possible. Economically, socialism can also compete with capitalism.
Unfortunately, Lenin did not have time to implement his program of economic reforms. His body was ravaged by disease. At the end of his life, he wrote his last article with the last strength he had left.
The article is called "Rather Less, but Better". It is a relatively complete expression of Lenin's views on the state of the economy in the Soviet Union. It was also the first attempt by the Soviet leadership to carry out economic reforms.
Lenin's Tomb) On January 21, 1924, Lenin died in a cold winter. After that, Joseph, who had been by Lenin's side. Stalin became the supreme leader of the Soviet Union.
Stalin was well aware of Lenin's regrets about the economic reforms of the USSR. Therefore, after he had cleared the opposition from the party, he began to formulate a series of economic reforms for the Soviet Union, with the aim of building the Soviet Union into an industrial power in the shortest possible time.
Stalin with Lenin)
Vigorous reforms.
In 1927, Stalin seized the party, government, and military power in the Soviet Union. He decided to start his own reforms. He focused his reforms on two areas: agriculture and industry.
Because Stalin found that some kulaks in the USSR at that time were unwilling to sell grain according to **. This led to famine in the cities of the Soviet Union.
Stalin believed that the food resources of the whole country must be managed in a unified manner. In order to ensure the development of industry, it is necessary to give priority to solving the food problem. Thus, the collectivization of agriculture in the Stalinist era unfolded in the countryside of the Soviet Union.
After the start of perestroika, Stalin directly raised the slogan "Eliminate the kulaks". Although Stalin's approach was opposed by Bukharin's and other patriarchs of the CPSU, Stalin insisted on using special means to strike at the kulak class.
Soon, the means of production in the Soviet countryside were concentrated in the hands of collective farms. From then on, the Soviet Union could easily buy grain and use it to support industrial development.
In 1932, Stalin introduced the second five-year plan of the Soviet Union. Under Stalin's direction, the Soviet propaganda department came up with a shocking propaganda slogan: the smoke from the factories was the breath of the Soviets, and the Soviet Union could not survive without industry.
Soviet countryside during the collectivization of agriculture).
By the end of the Second Five-Year Plan in 1937, the Soviet Union's steel production had reached 17.7 million tons, and carbon production had reached 12.8 billion tons, with a total power generation of 36.2 billion kWh. From the Ural Mountains to the Siberian Plateau, Soviet workers were everywhere.
According to Stalin's ideas, a five-year plan was to achieve the collectivization of Soviet agriculture. The second five-year plan was to build a system of heavy industry in the USSR. The Third Five-Year Plan is to establish a complete military production system.
The military-industrial production system of the USSR)
In 1937, the USSR began to build a large-scale military-industrial complex, using the previously built base of heavy industry. Because the Soviet leaders knew very well that imperialism would not let the Soviet Union go, and that the Soviet Union must have a strong self-defense capability!
The goal of the Soviet Union's Third Five-Year Plan was to establish a complete military production system, including tanks, aircraft, artillery, ammunition, missiles, ships, atomic bombs, and other equipment. In order to achieve this goal, the Soviet Union invested huge human, material and financial resources to mobilize the country's science and technology, education, culture and other fields to serve the military industry.
The military-industrial production system of the Soviet Union not only covers the needs of various branches of the military, but also has the characteristics of a high degree of centralization, scale and standardization. The military-industrial complex of the USSR was distributed throughout the country, forming several regions of military-industrial production, such as the Urals, Siberia, the Volga River basin, etc. The military-industrial complex of the USSR also had close ties and cooperation with each other, forming a large and complete military-industrial network. Soviet military products also had uniform standards for design, manufacturing, and testing, which ensured quality and efficiency.
The military-industrial production system of the USSR played a huge role during World War II, providing a powerful support force for the Soviet Red Army. The military-industrial production system of the USSR not only allowed the USSR to resist the German offensive, but also enabled the USSR to launch **, which ultimately won the war. The Soviet Union's military-industrial production system also made the Soviet Union a superpower after the war, competing with the United States in the Cold War. The military-industrial production system of the USSR was the pride of the USSR and the sorrow of the USSR.