In detail, the principle of continuous fire of automatic rifles is mainly divided into three types, one is the bolt recoil structure, and the other is the gas conduction structure and the barrel recoil type. As the name suggests, the principle of gas conduction is to guide the high-pressure gas generated at the time of firing to complete the automatic process of the gun, and there are many ways to use the power of the gas, although the strange things in the big waves of history are all boiled down to: air blowing, short piston, long piston (in order of accuracy) and now basically eliminated gas well gas collection type. The core of this process is the reuse of energy used to propel the warhead when the bullet is fired, and there are major differences in the efficiency and mode of use of energy according to the principle of the bolt.
The basic principle of automatic rifles to achieve burst fire is to use the automatic reloading and continuous firing action of the bolt. When the shooter pulls the trigger, the firing pin hits the fire cap at the bottom of the cartridge case, triggering the burning of gunpowder, which produces a large amount of gas. The gas enters the gas chamber inside the bolt through a hole in the cartridge case, pushing the bolt backwards. In the course of the recoil movement, the case hook draws the next bullet from the magazine, and then throws the empty shell through the shell ejection port.
The history of automatic rifles dates back to the end of the 19th century, when research into rifle self-loading began. In 1908, Mondragon designed 6The 5-mm semi-automatic rifle was first equipped with the Mexican army. After the First World War, many countries stepped up the development of automatic rifle loading, and semi-automatic rifles such as Simonov of the Soviet Union, 1918 of France, and Bergman of Germany appeared successively.
However, the first known automatic rifle is believed to have been an experimental automatic rifle designed in 1883 by Hiram Stevens Maxim, the inventor of the Maxim machine gun, to test his own idea that the recoil of the bullet pushes the automatic cycle.
At the beginning of the 20th century, the Federov M1916 automatic rifle, the French MLE 1918 fully automatic carbine, and the Browning automatic rifle that appeared after the First World War. By the end of World War II, the FG42 paratrooper rifle and the STG44 assault rifle were present, and then to the 60s, the automatic structure of firearms developed rapidly. There are AK assault rifles developed by Mikhail Kalashnikov of the former Soviet Union, M16 assault rifles developed by the Americans, etc.
The advantages and disadvantages of automatic rifles may vary depending on their specific model and design. Here are some common advantages and disadvantages:
Pros:
The whole gun is compact: Automatic rifles are usually designed to be more compact, making them easier to carry and operate.
Light weight and short barrelThis makes automatic rifles particularly advantageous in close combat, as they can be fired quickly and flexibly in action.
High precision and low recoil: This allows the shooter to aim at the target more accurately.
Autoloading and continuous fire: This is a core feature of automatic rifles, which allows the shooter to fire multiple rounds in a short period of time.
Cons:
The line of fire is high, inconvenient for horizontal shooting, and the smoke is large: This may affect the shooter's line of sight and shooting accuracy.
Lack of a reminder magazine change device: In wartime, this can lead to the shooter running out of bullets at critical moments.
Poor scalabilityFor example, the sight scope, which is mounted on the handle, jumps up and down, moving back and forth.
It is not possible to form a modular function: It is difficult to meet the needs of combat units for functional diversity.
The above are some of the general advantages and disadvantages of automatic rifles, and the specific advantages and disadvantages may vary depending on the design and environment in which they are used.