When it comes to the Jurchens, the most familiar image in people's minds is the Qing Dynasty. Nurhachi unified the Haixi Jurchens and the East China Sea Jurchens and established the Jin State, which was unlimited. However, why did the "rule of Mingchang" pioneered by the Jin Kingdom finally decline?
In historical materials, the Jurchen clan is believed to have originated from the "Black Water Spirit" and originally belonged to the Bohai State. After the Liao Dynasty destroyed the Bohai Kingdom, the Jurchens in the south were included in the Khitan clan and called it the "Hosu Pavilion". The Jurchens were unwilling to submit to the Liao, and the Song dynasty could not defeat the Khitan, so the two sides reached an agreement to jointly crusade against the Liao. After the Liao was destroyed, the Jin Dynasty not only included some cities in the sixteen states of Yanyun, but also inherited the Liao's annual coins. Jin Taizong Wu Qimai has always coveted the Central Plains, and in 1126 A.D. sent troops to break through Kaifeng, resulting in the shame of Jingkang and the destruction of the Northern Song Dynasty.
From then on, the Southern Song Dynasty and the Jin Dynasty began a years-long confrontation. Although there was Yue's army in the Southern Song Dynasty, it was finally framed by Qin Hui, and Yue Fei was unjustly killed. The Jin Dynasty was extremely prosperous during this period, and after Jin Zhangzong succeeded to the throne, he admired the Han system, developed culture, and created the rule of Ming Chang. But why did this prosperous era eventually decline?
First of all, economic reasons were one of the important factors that led to the decline of the Jin State. The Yellow River has burst its banks three times and moved southward, displacing residents on both banks. As an agricultural country, agriculture has been hit hard, and its finances have been worse. In order to repair the river embankment, Jin Zhangzong allocated more than 4.3 million yuan, plus disaster relief, which made the Jin Dynasty's finances even worse. On the other hand, Jin Zhangzong paid too much attention to cultural development, which led to the gradual abandonment of commerce, industry, agriculture, and the military. Jin Zhangzong favored Li Shi'er and named her the concubine, which led to the ruling and opposition relatives taking charge, and the political style gradually declined.
At the same time, the repressed Mongols rose up, and Temujin rebelled against the Jin dynasty. In 1206, Temujin unified the north and south of the desert and established the Great Mongolian State. Seeing the weakening of the Jin dynasty, Temujin launched the Mongjin War in 1211. In the Mengjin War, the Battle of Yehuling became the key, Genghis Khan commanded 100,000 troops, and the Jin Dynasty gathered 450,000 people.
Under the joint efforts of the Jin soldiers and the Song soldiers, the Jin Dynasty insisted on abandoning Bianjing at the end of the year and moving the capital to Defu again. The Mongol army broke the city, looted and ranked, the Jin Dynasty guard general Cui Li chose to surrender, and the female dependents of the Jin Dynasty chose to commit suicide, which was no less tragic than the shame of Jingkang experienced by the Song Dynasty. After the death of Jin Yuanzong, it was passed on to Wanyan Chenglin, and the Jin Dynasty finally fell.
Behind the glory moments and eventual collapse of the Jin Kingdom were economic turmoil, cultural bias, and foreign invasions. The rule of Mingchang was the pinnacle of the Jin Kingdom, but it was also the starting point of its decline. Perhaps, in the long river of history, the rise and fall of the Jin Kingdom has also left us with a deep reflection.
The rise and fall of the Kingdom of Jin, like a picture scroll in the long river of history, attracts us to think deeply. The article reveals in detail the rise of the Jin State from the Jurchen clan to the glorious "rule of Mingchang" and then to its final decline, which contains rich historical factors and profound enlightenment.
First, the Jin State succeeded in establishing a strong state framework in the early years of its formation by annexing the Haixi Jurchens and the East China Sea Jurchens. However, this expansion did not continue to flourish, but began to be difficult under the economic and cultural problems that followed. The article points out that economic reasons were one of the key factors in the decline of the Jin state, and that the three major bursts of the Yellow River's banks caused agricultural damage and deepening financial difficulties. This economic dilemma forced Jin Zhangzong to invest a lot of money in river embankment repair and disaster relief, which eventually exacerbated the financial crisis of Jin State.
Secondly, the cultural prosperity of the Jin Kingdom during the reign of Ming and Chang is also an important symbol of its prosperity. However, the excessive focus on cultural development has led to the gradual neglect of commerce, industry, agriculture, and the military. This shows that the Jin State failed to maintain balance in its governance, and its cultural prosperity at the same time ignored the needs of the country's all-round development, which ultimately led to social instability and internal unrest.
Third, external pressure is also a key factor in the decline of the country. The rise of the Mongols posed a great challenge to the Jin state, which was gradually weakened by the rise of Temujin and the war against the Jin dynasty. The key battle in the Mengjin War, the Battle of Yehuling, put the Jin Dynasty in a desperate situation. The strength of the Mongol army forced the Jin state to move south to Bianjing, and eventually lost important territory in the north.
All these changes reflect the multi-layered reasons for the rise and fall of a country. The lessons of history tell us that in governing a country, economic, cultural, and diplomatic development should be coordinated and one aspect of prosperity should not be pursued while ignoring other factors. The fall of the Kingdom of Jin also reminds us that a country needs to have strong economic power, cultural heritage, and flexible diplomatic strategies in order to maintain lasting prosperity in the long course of history.
While reflecting on history, we should also draw wisdom from the rise and fall of the Jin State, and constantly improve the national governance system to ensure that the country can develop in a coordinated manner in all aspects. Only in this way can we build a stable and prosperous country in the midst of the changing course of history.
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