In the previous article, we introduced the basic situation of the China-India border. Next, we will dig deeper into the origins of the Sino-Indian border issue. Two paragraphs in the preface to The Sino-Indian Border Issue: The Territorial Dispute between India and Pakistan reveal two key messages. First of all, before modern times, China had friendly exchanges with countries in the South Asian subcontinent for nearly 2,000 years, and there were very few conflicts and wars. Second, the Sino-Indian border issue was created by the British colonialists in modern times. So, how do we make sense of this history?
In the 17th century, Britain expanded in South Asia through the East India Company, forming an Asian colonial system. In order to effectively control this area, the British chose India for three reasons. First of all, India's geographical advantages and natural conditions made it an ideal base for the colonial imperial system in Asia. Second, India's unique geographical location and mastery of the Indian Ocean sea lanes became the key to British expansion in the East. Finally, India's complex social structure and multi-ethnic, multi-religious and multilingual situation became an opportunity for Britain to take advantage of.
The core idea of Indocentrism is to make full use of India's natural advantages and geographical conditions to expand into Asia through abundant resources and abundant manpower. In 1849, the British completely conquered India, making it the political and economic center of the colonial system in the East. This strategy not only brought India into the balance of the British Empire, but also allowed Britain to conquer countries along the Indian Ocean coast, making the Indian Ocean an inland lake for Britain.
As the British coast expanded eastward, the Russian land route expanded eastward. In the 80s of the 16th century, Tsarist Russia annexed all of Siberia, and in the middle of the 17th century came to the shores of the Bering Strait. At the beginning of the 19th century, Tsarist Russia expanded into Central Asia, and the strategic goal of going south to the Indian Ocean surfaced. Tsarist Russia took two routes south to the Indian Ocean, one into the Persian Gulf via Iran and the other into the Indian subcontinent via Afghanistan or China's Xinjiang.
The strategic goal of Tsarist Russia is to seize the Indian Ocean outlet and establish ** land and sea hegemony. This clashed with British interests in the region, resulting in fierce competition and direct confrontation between Britain and Russia in Central Asia. In the face of Tsarist Russia's southward strategy, Britain's goal was to prevent its advance into Afghanistan and Xinjiang, deter British northwestern India, and protect the Asian colonial system.
This history has left behind the root of the Sino-Indian border issue. In modern times, the British colonialists incorporated India into their eastern colonial system through Indocentrism, which opposed the southward strategy of Tsarist Russia, leading to a fierce confrontation between Britain and Russia in Central Asia. The origin of the Sino-Indian border issue is the product of this intertwined history.
Against this tortuous and profound historical background, the friendly exchanges and cooperation between China and India in the present era echo the ancient tradition of friendship. Understanding the depth of history will help us better interpret today's international relations, deal with border issues in a constructive way, and promote regional peace and prosperity.
This article gives a detailed account of the origins of the Sino-Indian border issue, and provides an in-depth analysis of the rivalry between Britain and Tsarist Russia in Asia in the historical context, and how these events directly led to the emergence of the Sino-Indian border issue. First of all, the author highlights the friendly exchanges between China and India over the past millennium and the emergence of border issues in modern times through two paragraphs in the preface of "The Sino-Indian Border Issue: The Territorial Dispute between India and Pakistan". This technique of guiding the reader to understand makes people interested in the text and stimulates the desire to continue reading.
The article reveals in detail how the British colonialists formed the Asian colonial system by choosing India as their political and economic center through the East India Company's expansion in Asia. The authors make it clear that India's superiority in topography, geographical location, and social structure contributed to the rise of "Indocentrism". This view profoundly explains why Britain chose India, which was included in the British colonial system in the East, and laid the groundwork for the future geopolitical landscape.
In the context of Tsarist Russia's eastward advance, the article shows the strategic goal of going south to the Indian Ocean and analyzes the Anglo-Russian rivalry in Central Asia. This section describes in detail the course of Tsarist expansion, particularly its control of Central Asia, and how it posed a threat to British interests. At the same time, the objectives of Britain's strategy to deal with Tsarist Russia's southward move have also been analyzed in depth, focusing on its strategic considerations in preventing Tsarist Russia from advancing into Afghanistan and Xinjiang and maintaining the security of British India.
The article concludes by returning to the origins of the Sino-Indian border issue, emphasizing the implications of this history for today's international relations. Through an in-depth analysis of historical events, readers will be able to better understand the root causes of the border issue between China and India. This retrospective history and contemporary friendly exchanges help us to understand the complexities of international affairs and to better address the challenges facing the world today.
Overall, this article provides readers with a more comprehensive understanding of the ins and outs of the Sino-Indian border issue through detailed historical investigation and in-depth analysis. In today's globalized world, it is essential to understand the historical context of international relations in order to promote cooperation and understanding among different countries.
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