The reasons for the emergence of modern science in Europe are manifold, including social, economic, cultural, and political factors. Here are some of the main reasons:
The Renaissance and Reformation movements in Europe: These movements led to a change in people's ideology, emphasized the value of human beings and the importance of rational thinking, and laid the ideological foundation for the rise of modern science.
Capitalist economy in Europe: The development of the capitalist economy has led to an increase in productivity and an expansion of markets, which has driven demand and investment in science and technology. At the same time, the capitalist economy also encouraged individualism and innovation, further fueling the rise of modern science.
European education system: The European education system gradually improved after the Renaissance and the Reformation, attaching importance to the education of mathematics, physics, chemistry and other subjects, providing a talent base for the rise of modern science.
The Industrial Revolution in Europe: The Industrial Revolution drove a change in the way production was made, making mass production and manufacturing possible. This provides a practical basis and application scenarios for the development of modern science.
European colonialism: European colonialism allowed European countries to expand globally, opening up new markets and resources, while also promoting cultural exchanges and knowledge dissemination between Europe and the rest of the world.
Scientific research institutions in Europe: The emergence and development of scientific research institutions have provided organizational and financial support for the research of modern science and promoted the progress and development of modern science.
The emergence of modern science in Europe is the result of a combination of many factors, which together contributed to the modernization process and scientific development in Europe. There are many reasons why modern science has not emerged in China.
First of all, China has been closed for a long time in history, lacking communication and interaction with the outside world, which has limited the spread and development of science and technology to a certain extent. In addition, China's imperial examination system focuses on humanities education rather than science and technology, which also leads to China's backwardness in science and technology.
Second, China's traditional ideology and culture have also hindered the development of modern science to a certain extent. For example, the ancient Chinese idea of "the unity of heaven and man" emphasized the harmony and unity between man and nature, which limited people's exploration and understanding of the natural world to a certain extent. At the same time, some concepts in traditional Chinese culture also limit people's freedom of thought and creativity, which also affects the development of modern science.
In addition, China's social structure and political system have also had a certain impact on the development of modern science. China has been under the rule of feudal society for a long time in history, and its social structure and political system are relatively closed and rigid, lacking support and encouragement for the development of science and technology. At the same time, China's bureaucracy also restricts scientific and technological innovation and technological progress.
To sum up, the failure of modern science to appear in China is the result of a combination of many factors, among which traditional culture, social structure and political system have played a certain role in hindering.