Quyi embodies the traditional art genes of the Chinese nation, is an important part and important carrier of China's excellent traditional culture, and plays an irreplaceable role in telling Chinese stories, promoting traditional virtues, and stimulating the national spirit.
As the mother of oral literature and opera, quyi has a deep relationship with opera, poetry, ** and many other art categories. In contemporary China, there are still more than 500 varieties of music and art such as cross talk, storytelling, allegro, commentary, drum lyrics, and two-person turning, of which 127 are intangible cultural heritage, and their wide coverage, great influence, and the degree to which they are loved by the masses of the people make it worthy of being the essence of Chinese performing arts culture. As a literary and artistic form with national characteristics, there is still more room for quyi in the process of telling Chinese stories and conveying Chinese voices.
In our country, the development of quyi has always changed with the times and is full of vitality. At the National Congress of Literary and Art Workers held in July 1949, the time-honored traditional rap art was officially named "Quyi". Bathed in the spring of New China, literary and artistic workers excavated and sorted out quyi, gradually stripped away the juggling elements since the late Qing Dynasty, and integrated traditional quyi with the standards of socialist literature and art to promote its modernization and transformation.
Since the 50s, the practice of "speaking new and singing new" has made this art form, which is engraved with the cultural genes of the Chinese nation, an important part of the building of socialist culture. Entering the new era, the literary and artistic undertakings have ushered in unprecedented historical development opportunities, and batches of quyi workers have devoted themselves to the great practice of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era, devoting themselves to creating masterpieces, so that the quyi industry is full of infinite vitality.
The combination of fiction and reality, the mixture of truth and falsehood, has maximized the hypothetical characteristics of art. It not only has the experience of the characters, emphasizes entering the situation and the role, but also jumps out of the role and the situation, using language to guide the narrative and interact with the audience, forming a unique performance form. For a long time, quyi performances have profoundly influenced the innovation and development of Chinese theatre, and have been borrowed by a variety of art disciplines in practice.
First of all, opera and opera coexist with each other, forming the main body of national drama. Quyi pays attention to "the integration of viewing and acting, interaction, mutual growth and mutual growth", "infusion and out, one person with multiple roles", "unreal as real, non-real as true", which is the art of narrative performance. Opera requires the actor to enter the situation as a whole as a role, emphasizing experience and entering the role, which is to "act by example" and "show up". Both quyi and opera adopt a free time and space system, with the characteristics of both drama and narrative, and take care of the characteristics of the Chinese language in terms of quality and literature, so as to form a unique performance system and drama system.
Secondly, quyi is also an important artistic reference object in the process of the nationalization of drama. Since the beginning of the 20th century, drama has been introduced to China, and in its century-long exploration and development, it has drawn on the art of quyi and opera to explore the school of directing and drama. For example, language is an important pillar of drama, and a fundamental problem in the nationalization of drama is to make language conform to the aesthetic habits of Chinese. **Ouyang Yuqian, the first dean of the School of Drama, attaches great importance to learning experience from the art of quyi and rap, and has specially invited Hou Baolin and Luo Yusheng to give lectures at the college. He emphasized the pronunciation of Quyi, and believed that the colloquial and unique vocal skills of Quyi must be better used in the training of drama actors. For example, there are tongue twisters and tongue twisters in quyi, which are easy to understand and catchy, and their vocal methods are also regular.
In 2022, the ancient quyi will once again usher in a new development opportunity - quyi will be included in the catalog of undergraduate majors and graduate education disciplines, which can be said to be the dream of several generations of quyi artists.
The form of quyi performance is unique, and only by following its uniqueness can we give full play to the strengths of this traditional rap art. The form of "singing" in quyi mostly comes from the folk, such as Taiping lyrics, drum books, fast books, etc., which are very different from operas, dramas, etc., so the existing ** performance forms cannot accommodate the multiple expressions of quyi. Quyi also contains elements of literature, but the literature in quyi is more of a word, emphasizing the combination of text and **, and general literature cannot accommodate the unique ** literary form of quyi. Overlooking the existing art education majors, drama, film and television performances, opera performances, operas, and drama performances cannot be similar to the performance forms of quyi. As a popular art, quyi can be cultivated and awarded degrees for undergraduate, master's and doctoral degrees, which means that quyi majors and disciplines can be developed systematically, and high-quality quyi talents can be cultivated with the help of modern art education methods, so as to promote traditional Chinese art.
From the perspective of discipline construction in colleges and universities, quyi is included in the catalog of undergraduate majors and graduate education disciplines, which can build a three-in-one discipline system of drama, opera and quyi, absorb the essence of quyi performing arts, and cultivate a drama system with Chinese characteristics, Chinese style and Chinese style. In the past, the "saying" of borrowing from quyi was only a partial attempt to take quyi as a part of the drama, but now it is to place quyi in the world drama system and integrate disciplines, which has far-reaching significance for telling Chinese stories well in the new era.
When the actors are nourished by the opera in the training of drama lines, and absorb many good means of expression from the opera in the physical training, the sharing of drama, opera and quyi courses is realized.
In order to form a highly recognizable Chinese drama genre and a nationalized performance system, and then build a Chinese drama system, it is necessary to integrate the vocal and stage forms of drama, the singing, reading, and playing of opera, and the rapping and singing of quyiAt the same time, it integrates the methods and techniques of drama and narrative, experience and performance, and pays more attention to "non-stylized expression consciousness" based on the reality of life, with the goal of pursuing artistic truth and theatrical effect.
Nowadays, the nationalization of drama and the modernization of opera have been explored for nearly a century, and the addition of quyi as a discipline can enable us to understand the uniqueness of traditional Chinese drama more comprehensively. Quyi, opera, and drama should be integrated in learning from each other, learning from each other in integration, maintaining their respective artistic characteristics, and learning from each other instead of dissolving. In this way, we can be upright and innovative, based on the contemporary, and facing the future, and build a drama system with Chinese characteristics, Chinese style and Chinese style. (End) (Original title: Quyi is a highly recognizable genre of Chinese drama).
Written by Zhou Quan.