Buryatia The first piece of land lost by the Qing Dynasty, the beginning of Soviet Russian hatred
In December 1949, when the teacher returned from the Soviet Union and passed by Lake Baikal, he refused the Soviet Union's proposal to "get off the train and rest", and while the train was still running, he said to his entourage: "You must know that this place used to be called Uginsk, which used to be part of China, where Mongolians and Han people lived, and Su Wu grazing cattle here.
In fact, not only Lake Baikal, but also the surrounding 350,000 square kilometers of land were also part of China, until the final border treaty between China and Russia was signed, and Baikal and Vladivostok were owned by Russia.
The first thing that the Yongzheng Emperor of the Qing Dynasty abandoned was the Beihai (around Lake Baikal), which is now the Republic of Buryatia in Russia, and for more than 2,000 years after that, it was all yellow people.
Soviet Russia's endless pursuit of territory led to the formation of two camps in the world that had existed for a long time, the Kazakh and Buryatia races. Unlike the Kazakhs, when they go to Buryatia, the Chinese are often mistaken for locals, they speak Russian with you, and when they see that you don't understand, they switch to Mongolian.
As a Russian travel envoy, Li Jian wrote a poem "On the Shore of Lake Baikal", in which "in my arms, in your eyes", "the changing pace makes it difficult for us to hold your hand", and the exclamation of "pure and mysterious" on Lake Baikal expresses a Chinese's love for his homeland.
Now, what is the situation in Buryatia?
Economically, Buryatia is a "chess piece" that has been neglected, and its GDP has fallen from the top 20 in Eastern Europe to more than 60 in the Russian Federation, and its annual GDP is only 167 billion yuan, which is equivalent to 15 billion Taiwan dollars, and China has more than 100 county-level cities.
At its peak, Buryatia had more than 1.3 million inhabitants, but now only 270,000 remain, most of them living in the capital, Ulan-Ude.
Ulan-Ude is the third largest city in the Far East after Vladivostok (Vladivostok) and Bolek (Bole), and in the eyes of Russia, it is an important cultural, technological and industrial hub in eastern Siberia, and at the same time, it is also the hub of the Trans-Siberian Railway, through which goods from Central and East Asia basically pass.
Russian history records: In 1666, the Cossacks emigrated to the mouth of the Ud, the emperor established the Fort of Heiginsk at the mouth of the river, and gradually improved the prison, church, fort and barn, after the signing of the Treaty of Nebuchu, it became a ** city, mainly used for commerce and transportation.
It stands to reason that Ulan-Ude, which is adjacent to Lake Baikal, one of the largest sources of water in the world, is densely forested, and is the main railway to Siberia, which is a good place both economically and economically, how is it possible that the monthly salary of each person is only 27,000 rubles?
All this stems from the emperor of Nicholas I in the 19th century.
In 1851, Nicholas I ordered the "Transbaikal Regiment" to send Cossacks to suppress 180,000 Buryats by force, and the Cossack tribes in the Far East, known for plundering money, plundered as emperor for more than ten years, which had never happened in Baikal, even in the Jin Dynasty, Liao, Nor did this happen during the reign of the Mongols and other nomads, when the trade route was completely cut off, and the locals preferred to return to the steppe rather than be enslaved in the cities.
This is the first "seed of hatred" sown by the Tsarists in the Baikal region.
Until the Cossack invasion, there was no Tibetan Buddhism in Baikal, the ** emperor and Cossacks from different faiths could not tolerate it, and had repeatedly purged the culture of foreign peoples, especially in the Soviet era, after the foreign faith such as shaman was listed as an "intolerable culture", the traditional Asian civilizations of Asia, such as Tuva, Outer Mongolia, Buryatia, were completely exterminated.
This is another "seed of hatred" planted by Soviet Russia during the special period in Bria.
After the creation of the USSR, Uginsk was renamed "Ulan-Ude" several times, later incorporated into the USSR (Brid-Mongolia), after the Second World War, it was renamed Buryatia, at the time of the collapse of the USSR, it was relegated to the Siberian zone, in 2018 it was reclassified into the Far East, and in 2019 it finally became the Far Eastern economic zone.
In short, the Kingdom of Buryatia went from being a vassal state of the USSR to the economic center of the Far East, dominated by mining and agriculture.
For example, Chechnya, which not only does not need to pay any taxes, but also has a huge military strength and receives a large amount of subsidies from the Russian Federation under the pretext of infrastructure construction and people's livelihood.
Buryatia was downgraded by four levels, and most of the annual taxes paid were paid to the Federation, as were a large number of mineral resources, such as minerals and timber. Buryatia, for example, can produce 8 million metric tons of hard coal and 6.5 million metric tons of lignite a year, and Ulan-Ude also imports 3 million tons of hard coal from Mongolia to meet the needs of daily life, such as power generation and heating.
This is already the "seed of hatred" planted by Russia against the special operation in Buria.
Behind these three "knots" are surging and powerless resistance and unwillingness, which are important factors that cause Buryatia's population to decline and its economy to stagnate.