Poly-glutamic acid (PGA) is a natural product with immunomodulatory ability, which can regulate the activity of immune cells and the secretion of cytokines. Here's how PGA goes through the process of immune modulation:
1.Activate immune cells: PGA can directly activate immune cells, such as macrophages, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells. PGA binds to the surface receptors of immune cells and activates immune cells through signal transduction pathways, increasing the activity of the cells.
2.Promote the production of cytokines: PGA can promote the production of a variety of cytokines by immune cells, such as interferon- (IFN-), interleukin-2 (IL-2), tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-), etc. These cytokines can enhance the activity of immune cells and promote the response of the immune system.
3.Regulate the activity of immune cells: PGA can regulate the activity of immune cells, such as promoting the phagocytic activity of macrophages, enhancing the antigen presentation ability of dendritic cells, and increasing the killing ability of natural killer cells. This regulation of immune cell activity can enhance the ability of immune cells to clear tumor cells or pathogens.
4.Inhibition of the inhibitory function of immune cells: PGA can inhibit the inhibitory function of immune cells, such as the function of regulatory T cells (TREGs). Treg cells are a type of immune cell that has an inhibitory effect and can inhibit the activity of other immune cells. By inhibiting the function of TreG cells, PGA can increase the activity of other immune cells and promote the immune response.
5.Modulation of inflammatory response: PGA can regulate inflammatory response and inhibit excessive inflammatory response. PGA can reduce the activation of inflammatory cells and the release of cytokines, thereby reducing the severity of the inflammatory response. This is very important for inflammation-related diseases**.
In general, PGA carries out immune regulation by activating immune cells, promoting the production of cytokines, regulating the activity of immune cells, inhibiting the inhibitory function of immune cells, and regulating inflammatory responses. This immunomodulatory effect canStrengthens the immune system's ability to respondIt promotes the clearance of pathogens in the body, and has potential application value for anti-tumor and immune system-related diseases.