At eight o'clock in the morning of December 12, 1936, after a long time of desk work late the night before, *** was sleeping soundly at this time, and suddenly, ** was woken up by the guards in his sleep. Generally speaking, if there is no special emergency to deal with, the guards will not disturb *** rest, after all, working at the desk night and night, the iron body can't stand it.
However, on this morning, because of the urgency of the situation and the seriousness of the incident, the guards had to forcibly wake up *** from his sleep.
It turned out to be an urgent telegram. This is an urgent telegram from Xi'an, sent by General Zhang Xueliang himself, and the content of the telegram is even more shocking!
It turned out that on the morning of this day, Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng, who had conspiracy many times, sent the Northeast Army to surround Huaqingchi in Xi'an, according to the original plan, and later captured and detained Chiang Kai-shek alive at the big stone cliff of Lishan. This time, Zhang Xueliang hurriedly sent a telegram, which was to ask *** how to deal with the detained Chiang Kai-shek.
After all, it is really easy to detain Chiang Kai-shek and other major events, and how to deal with this very tricky matter, Zhang Xueliang, who has always been close and friendly to the Communist Party, was the first to think of *** He believes that only a politician like *** can have enough great wisdom to successfully and skillfully handle such a major matter related to the rise and fall of the nation-state.
Therefore, when the military advice was successfully launched, they hurriedly sent a telegram to *** to discuss important matters.
After reading the contents of the telegram, ** was both shocked and excited, forgot to put on his clothes to protect himself from the cold, hurriedly got out of bed, and solemnly confessed to the guards: "You hurry up and inform them that there is an urgent meeting to be held immediately." ”
Soon after, **Zhang Wentian, ** and others rushed to *** here one after another, and everyone looked at each other and didn't know what happened this morning.
I saw *** light a paper cigarette, sit quietly on a rattan chair and smoke a paper cigarette, and then motioned to the guards to circulate the telegram to everyone. At this time, *** was smoking a cigarette and looking solemn, and it could be seen that he was thinking and planning a perfect strategy.
When everyone read the contents of the telegram, ** cleared their throats, raised their voices, and asked: "As for how to deal with Chiang Kai-shek, everyone will say their opinions. ”
After a moment of silence among the participants, Zhang Wentian was the first to speak: "I think we should kill Chiang Kai-shek to kill the enemy!."”
* A different opinion was then raised: "If Chiang Kai-shek dies, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party will surely confront again." * believes that the opinions of Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng should be respected and listened to before making a decision.
After that, everyone had a debate on whether to kill or release, and listened quietly without saying a word.
When everyone had almost discussed it, ** put forward his preliminary opinion: "Recall Chiang Kai-shek and submit it to the people's public trial." ”
After this meeting, when Deng Yingchao heard the news that Chiang Kai-shek was being detained by General Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng in Xi'an, she excitedly danced a cheerful dance in the courtyard with her comrades.
Like Comrade Zhang Wentian's opinion, Deng Yingchao also advocated killing Chiang Kai-shek to prevent future troubles. "If Jiang stays, he will definitely suffer disaster in the future, and the chairman still has to think twice. ”
However, who would have thought that the ***, who was originally preparing to recall Chiang Kai-shek for public trial, not only was he not prepared to kill Chiang Kai-shek to prevent future troubles, but later even decided not to adopt the plan for the recall of the public trial, and said solemnly to everyone: "No, Chiang Kai-shek can't touch a single hair of him." ”
What's going on here?
It turned out that with the passage of time, the news of Chiang Kai-shek's detention began to spread throughout the country and even around the world, causing huge shocks and repercussions, not only here in the Communist Party, but also in Nanjing, Chiang Kai-shek's detention, but also made the pro-Japanese elements He Yingqin and others angry, and directly clamored to attack Zhang Xueliang's troops and the base areas in northern Shaanxi to avenge Chiang Kai-shek.
At that time, He Yingqin immediately called Dai Jitao, Wu Zhihui, Xiong Bin and others to hold an emergency meeting, and the meeting decided to immediately send troops to attack Xi'an. He Yingqin and others even drew up a plan for a bloody sweep of Xi'an, preparing to organize dozens of divisions of the Eastern and Western Route Army to march to Xi'an, and to organize air raid troops to assemble in Luoyang and coordinate with frontal troops to bomb Xi'an.
At the same time, the Japanese side continued to incite the main war faction in Nanjing to attack Xi'an, in order to plunge China into a civil war and reap the benefits of the fisherman.
On December 16, Nanjing issued an order for the Xi'an crusade. A civil war is on the verge of breaking out.
The civil war was also extremely unfavorable to the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army. At that time, the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, which had just gone through the Long March, was resting in northern Shaanxi, and if the Kuomintang army suddenly besieged Xi'an at this time, the Red Army units, which had just escaped from the tiger's mouth, would once again fall into the heavy encirclement of the enemy.
When he learned of the extreme action that Nanjing intended to take, he quietly replaced the originally proposed "trial of Chiang" with "release of Chiang".
Seeing that the domestic situation may be about to change drastically, even Wang Jingwei, who was recuperating in Europe, returned to China overnight in an attempt to find an opportunity to make a comeback.
On the one hand, the main battle faction of the Kuomintang is ready to move, on the other hand, the Japanese invaders are instigating and instigating, and the voices within the Communist Party calling for the killing of Chiang are also endless. Under such circumstances, if Chiang was killed, tried, and imprisoned, it could quickly lead to a larger civil war. The Japanese invaders and pro-Japanese factions were afraid that we would not kill Chiang. Once the guns of the civil war rang out, it was not us, nor the Kuomintang, that would benefit in the end, but the Japanese invaders. We cannot ignore the danger of the nation and create conditions for the Japanese army invading China to invade and occupy our country. ”
** A reasonable, well-founded and pertinent analysis made everyone feel enlightened, awakened to their senses, and realized that at the critical juncture of the country and the nation, they must not rely on their will to kill Chiang Kai-shek, let alone kill Chiang Kai-shek to vent their anger.
At the same time, in the face of the leaderless Nanjing, early in the morning of the 13th, Song Meiling hurried back to Nanjing with Kong Xiangxi and others. In the face of the national righteousness of the country, Song Meiling chose to resolve the matter peacefully and made it clear: "Resolutely oppose He Yingqin's plan of armed crusade!."”
In Xi'an, when Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng jointly sent a telegram to invite the CCP to send a person to Xi'an to discuss the matter, the CCP decided to go to Xi'an by holding a meeting to assist in handling the incident.
On December 15th, **led a group of 18 people including *** to secretly set off from the security guard and arrived in Xi'an on the evening of the 17th.
That night, Zhang Xueliang had a long talk with *** all night. **Clearly told Zhang Xueliang the handling opinions of the CCP and ***, and Zhang Xueliang agreed: "Speaking from the heart, I, Zhang Xueliang, have always respected the opinions of you and Mr. Mao. 'Military advice' is a big deal, and your CCP advocates a peaceful solution, so what else do I, Zhang Xueliang, have to say. ”
After reaching a consensus with Zhang Xueliang, ** met with Yang Hucheng and others. Yang Hucheng had reservations about letting Chiang go, and Yang Hucheng was more inclined to unite with the Communist Party to oppose Chiang and resist Japan. Because Yang Hucheng did not trust Chiang Kai-shek's possible joint anti-Japanese attitude under such persecution, and at the same time, Yang Hucheng considered his own safety, fearing that after releasing Chiang Kai-shek, he might be retaliated against.
On the morning of the 18th, at Yang Hucheng's residence, ** had an in-depth long talk with Yang Hucheng, saying that in the face of national righteousness, **'s personal grievances and personal safety must give way. After an in-depth and long talk, Yang Hucheng was deeply impressed by the Communist Party's national righteousness and broad-mindedness, and then expressed his agreement with the CCP's handling opinions.
After that, ** and others negotiated with Soong Meiling, who had already met with Chiang Kai-shek for talks. Regarding the joint resistance against Japan, Soong Qingling put forward a six-point anti-Japanese war law*** and immediately refuted: "Since we want to resist Japan, we must resist Japan in a tough and comprehensive way, and there is no such thing as partial resistance to Japan, let alone negotiate conditions with the enemy who invaded us!"”
Seeing that *** had a tough attitude, Song Qingling and others had to revise the agreement again. Subsequently, after four days of negotiations, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party finally reached an agreement on joint resistance against Japan.
After the peaceful settlement of the Xi'an Incident, Chiang Kai-shek, who had been released, intended to return to Nanjing. At this time, Guo Dasheng, who had been in charge of secretly monitoring Chiang Kai-shek's every move, thought that once Chiang Kai-shek returned to Nanjing, the development of the situation would be very worrying, so he wrote a letter to ***, once again expressing his distrust of Chiang Kai-shek and his concern about the situation: "Chairman, when Chiang's rebellion finally breaks out, it is better to completely cut the grass and eradicate the roots." ”
**After reading the letter, he handed the letter to *** and Deng Yingchao next to him to read. After reading it, Deng Yingchao once again expressed the same opinion as Guo Dasheng, asserting that if Chiang Kai-shek stayed and did not kill, he would suffer disaster in the future.
At this time, ** and *** looked at each other and smiled, ** and said solemnly to Deng Yingchao: "No, Chiang Kai-shek can't touch a single hair of him." What we want to do is not the common lord of the world, we have just overthrown the feudal rule, and we will not repeat the old way. The reason why he didn't kill Chiang was because he could indeed bring happiness to the people now. In that case, why not cooperate with the two sides?As for the future, we'll see later. ”
Because many people in the party have always remembered Chiang Kai-shek's heavy blood debts as our communists, a considerable number of people have the same opinion as Deng Yingchao, believing that Chiang Kai-shek cannot be retained.
For this reason, ** specially went to the Anti-Japanese Military and Political University to give a lecture to everyone and systematically explain why Chiang Kai-shek could not be killed. For this reason, a vivid metaphor is also used.
There are a lot of donkeys in northern Shaanxi, they are reluctant to carry things up the mountain, and the villagers have thought of a lot of ways in order to let the donkeys carry things up the mountain, and they can sum up one pull, two pushes and three dozens. We should do the same with Chiang Kai-shek. Pull him to resist the Japanese first, and if he doesn't want to, we'll push him;If he still doesn't want to, we'll hit him again. ”
This vivid metaphor made some party members and comrades in the party who originally insisted on killing Chiang Kai-shek begin to realize that compared with the grievances of Chiang Kai-shek's people with lofty ideals in our party, the great national cause of uniting Chiang Kai-shek to jointly resist Japan is the most important.
And the thoughtful *** knew that if Chiang Kai-shek, who had been close to the Japanese Lieutenant General Yuan Tian Jiro, was killed or seriously threatened in this incident, the contradictions between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party would be further intensified.
At the same time, the pro-Japanese faction within the Kuomintang will completely embark on the criminal road of colluding with the Japanese aggressors, and as a result, the situation of China's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression will become more complicated, and the national liberation and peaceful life that the people hope for will be even more distant.
Therefore, when Guo Dasheng, who had mastered Chiang Kai-shek's every move, was worried that Chiang Kai-shek's return to Nanjing, things would become more difficult, and he wanted to wait for an opportunity to intercept and kill Chiang Kai-shek, ** pointed out sharply: "Not only can we not touch a single hair of Mr. Chiang, but we must also ensure his safety." Killing him can only provoke a civil war on a massive scale. Chinese fighting Chinese is the last thing I want to see. ”
In the Anti-Japanese Military and Political University, the first-class serious teachings and in-depth explanations not only answered people's doubts, but also further stimulated people's initiative to work hard for the establishment of the anti-Japanese national united front.
After the peaceful settlement of the Xi'an Incident, Chiang Kai-shek arrived in Nanjing safely on December 26. This was the beginning of the Chinese nation's eight-year-long War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression.
The initiators of the Xi'an Incident, Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng, who eventually led to the cooperation between the KMT and the Communist Party, were placed under house arrest for a long time after the incident.
In December 1937, Yang Hucheng, who was bent on resisting the country, was arrested in Nanchang and imprisoned by Chiang Kai-shek for 12 years. On September 6, 1949, on the eve of abandoning Chongqing, Yang Hucheng and his young sons and daughters, a total of eight people, were killed in Chongqing Dai Gong Ancestral Hall.
Zhang Xueliang was imprisoned by Chiang Kai-shek from the age of 36, and later from the mainland to Taiwan, Zhang Xueliang was imprisoned by Chiang and his son for nearly 50 years.
When there was no communication between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait during the special period, ** still admired Zhang Xueliang, an old friend of the Communists: "Regardless of whether General Zhang Xueliang lives or dies, our Communist Party of China applaudes General Zhang Xueliang as a 'national hero and a hero of the ages'." ”
In 2009, Zhang Xueliang was named one of the 100 heroes and exemplary figures who contributed to the founding of the People's Republic of China.
The peaceful settlement of the Xi'an Incident was an important turning point in China's modern history.
In this important historical event, the efforts of the two generals Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng, and the wisdom of the Chinese Communists represented by the Chinese Communists, finally laid an important foundation for the Chinese nation's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression. At all times, national righteousness is above all else.