Original Liu Xiaobo.
Recently, Li Xunlei, chief economist of Zhongtai **, published an article entitled "It's easy to go up the mountain and difficult to go down?".The Economy from the Demand Side".
In the article, Li Xunlei cites survey data published by the China Institute of Income Distribution at Beijing Normal University in 2021:China's population with a monthly income of less than 2,000 yuan is about 96.4 billion people.
This statement has attracted widespread attention and discussion on the Internet, and many netizens expressed disbelief.
So, what is the level of per capita income in the country?
According to data disclosed by the National Bureau of Statistics in the 2022 Statistical Bulletin:
1. The per capita disposable income of residents in the whole year is 36,883 yuan, and the national per capita monthly income is 3,074 yuan
2. The median per capita disposable income of residents in the country is 31,370 yuan, and the median per capita monthly income of the country is 2,614 yuan.
3. The median per capita disposable income of urban residents is 45,123 yuan, with an average monthly income of 3,760 yuan
4. The per capita disposable income of rural residents is 20,133 yuan, with an average monthly income of 1,678 yuan
5. The median per capita disposable income of rural residents was 17,734 yuan, with an average monthly income of 1,478 yuan.
In other words, according to the average or median, the monthly income of both national residents and urban residents exceeds 2,000 yuan. Only the average rural resident does not exceed 2,000 yuan, and the national rural resident is 4900 million people.
However, the above data are average, and it is difficult to see more details.
The National Bureau of Statistics has also published the "Resident Quintile" data, which allows us to look more closely.
The Bureau of Statistics said in the 2022 statistical bulletin: According to the quintile income of residents across the country, the per capita disposable income of the low-income group was 8,601 yuan, the per capita disposable income of the lower-middle-income group was 19,303 yuan, the per capita disposable income of the middle-income group was 30,598 yuan, the per capita disposable income of the upper-middle-income group was 47,397 yuan, and the per capita disposable income of the high-income group was 90,116 yuan.
The so-called "five equal shares" means that the country's 1.4 billion people are divided into high-income groups, upper-middle-income groups, middle-income groups, lower-middle-income groups, and low-income groups according to their respective 20 percent, and the income data of each group is published.
Based on this, we have made the following chart:
It can be seen that in 2022 the low-income group 2800 million people have an average monthly income of $717 or less;2. in the lower-middle group800 million people have an income of more than 717 yuan and 1,608 yuan or less ......
From this we deduce thatThe national average monthly income is equal to or less than 1,608 yuan600 million people;The average monthly income is equal to or less than 2550 yuan, a total of 8400 million people.
This is a startling statistic.
However, when we talk about monthly income, we often default to the monthly salary of the employed. Employed people are meant to provide for their families. For example, in a family of 4 people, if only 1 person goes to work and the monthly salary is 20,000 yuan after tax, the per capita monthly income of the family is 5,000 yuan.
If the husband and wife have a combined monthly income of 6,000 yuan, but there are still 3 elderly people or children to raise and support, then the average monthly income of the whole family is only 1,200 yuan.
In rural areas, there are a large number of low-income or even no-income people, who act as the denominator to lower per capita income.
According to the "2022 Statistical Communiqué on the Development of Human Resources and Social Security" issued by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, the number of employed persons in the country at the end of 2022 was 733.51 million, equivalent to only 52% of the total population.
The bulletin also publishes the average pension for retirees across the country:
There are two main types of basic pension insurance in China, one for urban workers and the other for urban and rural residents. Those who go to work normally pay and enjoy the pension insurance for urban employees;Peasants, some urban residents who do not have normal work, pay and enjoy the old-age insurance for urban and rural residents.
There are currently 136.4 billion people are receiving pension insurance for urban workers, with a total of 5,903.5 billion yuan in 2022, and the average monthly per capita pension is 3,606 yuan.
And 164.6 billion people received pension insurance for urban and rural residents, with a total of 404.4 billion yuan in 2022, with an average of 284 yuan per person per month.
Yes, you read that right, it's an average of 284 yuan per month. The reason for the low remuneration of these people is that they have paid less before.
In Beijing, 91 people will enjoy old-age security for urban and rural residents in 202240,000 people, ** expenditure of 10.7 billion yuan, per capita monthly receipt of 976 yuan. This is much higher than the national average of 284 yuan, but compared with Beijing's prices and housing prices, its purchasing power can be imagined. (Image below).
Well, 9How did the statement that 6.4 billion people have an average monthly income of less than 2,000 yuan come from?
A search on the Internet shows that in 2021, the China Institute of Income Distribution at Beijing Normal University did release a set of survey data. They randomly selected a representative sample of 70,000 across the country to calculate the distribution of income across the country in 2019:
From the above**, it can be seen that there are 6 with an average monthly income of less than 1100 yuan0.5 billion people, with an average monthly income equal to or less than 2,000 yuan, there are 96.4 billion people.
Later, the statement that "there are 600 million people in China with a monthly income of 1,000 yuan" once swept the screen, which is estimated to be related to this survey.
Regarding the income of residents in 2019, the National Bureau of Statistics also has official data, specifically:
According to the quintile income of the national residents, the per capita disposable income of the low-income group is 7,380 yuan (615 yuan per month).
The per capita disposable income of the lower-middle-income group was 15,777 yuan (1,315 yuan per month).
The per capita disposable income of the middle income group is 25,035 yuan (2,086 yuan per month);
The per capita disposable income of the upper-middle-income group was 39,230 yuan (monthly average of 3,269 yuan);
The per capita disposable income of the high-income group was 76,401 yuan (monthly average 6,367 yuan).
According to the National Bureau of Statistics, in 2019 there were 8The average monthly income of 400 million people is equal to or less than 2,086 yuan.
This is the same as the 9The average monthly income of 6.4 billion people is equal to or less than 2,000 yuan, which is a certain gap, but it is not very large.
This is the state of China: it is true that there are still many people who do not have high incomes and low spending power. This may be an important reason why housing prices cannot hold up and consumption is slow. It is also an important reason why the state emphasizes the stability of the RMB value and does not flood the currency.
If money is over-issued, inflation rises significantly, and the pressure on low-income people will increase.
The just-concluded economic work conference proposed: "increase the income of urban and rural residents and expand the scale of middle-income groups", which can be said to have grasped the crux of the problem.