The Xiongnu, the overlord of the steppe, rose to prominence during the Qin and Han dynasties. When the Northern and Southern Dynasties were chaotic, the Xiongnu once again emerged. However, at this time, the Xiongnu posthumously crowned Liu Adou, the son of Liu Bei, the queen of Shu Han. What is the reason for this unbelievable move?
The rise of the Xiongnu.
In the long history, the Central Plains Dynasty has a long history of confrontation with the steppe nomads. During the Xia and Zhou dynasties, the Xirong, Inurong and other ethnic groups were intertwined with disputes with the Central Plains Dynasty. However, before the Great Qin unified the Six Kingdoms, the Central Plains Dynasty adopted a feudal system, which led to a lack of rigor in internal management. The nomads of the steppes have not yet formed a unified and powerful force. However, with the rise of the Qin Dynasty, Meng Tian expelled the Xiongnu from the Hetao region, forcing the steppe peoples to carry out "annexation" and gradually become stronger. This shows that in many cases, it is pressure, not **, that drives the progress of individuals or nations.
The Xiongnu, who were forced to leave their homeland, worked hard to develop and grow in order to survive. However, while they were immersed in the development of the Han Dynasty during the strong period, the Central Plains Dynasty alternated from Qin to Han. The rise of the Xiongnu and the beginning of revenge on the Central Plains Dynasty that had bullied them. Although Liu Bang had hoped to conquer the Xiongnu, the "Siege of Baideng" forced him to maintain stability through peace.
Why didn't the Xiongnu capture the Central Plains.
Why didn't the Xiongnu directly capture the Central Plains?Factors such as the Xi and climate differences of the Xiongnu were mentioned, but more critical was the consideration of the pros and cons of the Xiongnu in a hard attack on the Central Plains. The Xiongnu were good at steppe guerrilla warfare, but when it came to capturing fortified cities, especially in the offensive and defensive battles of cities, their advantage was relatively small. After weighing the pros and cons, the Xiongnu decided that it would be more cost-effective to maintain the situation of collecting protection fees every year, so they did not adopt the strategy of capturing the Central Plains.
Why did the Xiongnu shrink.
After years of weakness in the Han Dynasty, after Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty came to power, the Han Dynasty began to gradually recover. Why was Emperor Wu of Han able to successfully fight against the Xiongnu?There are three main reasons:
First of all, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty himself had a heroic temperament, a desire to expand his territory, and had the ability and determination to achieve this goal.
Secondly, during the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the imperial power reached its peak, and through the aura of "divine power of the monarch", he became the son of heaven without asking too much for the opinions of the ministers. This allowed Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty to handle state affairs more efficiently.
Third, during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the Han Dynasty had a strong foundation and was able to support many expeditions against the Xiongnu. Generals such as Wei Qing and Huo Qubing led the cavalry to attack the Xiongnu, and the funds needed mainly came from the financial resources of the Han Dynasty. The essence of war is a game that consumes money, and the Han Dynasty during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was financially strong enough to support many successful expeditions.
The Central Plains of the Xiongnu.
In the process of the gradual decline of the Xiongnu, the many expeditions of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty weakened the strength of the Xiongnu and compressed their living space. The Xiongnu began to **, and internal contradictions continued to intensify. During the period of "Five Hu Chaohua", the Southern Xiongnu were gradually transformed into the Central Plains by the Han Dynasty, and the Northern Xiongnu became the prey in the melee of the heroes.
The Southern Xiongnu were divided into five parts, and the Central Plains people were directly involved in the management, and the intermarriage policy further accelerated the process of primitiveization. However, due to Cao Cao's unification of the north, the opportunity for the Southern Xiongnu was stifled. In the end, Liu Yuan, the representative of the Southern Xiongnu in the "Five Hu Chaohua", established his own country in the name of Liu Han.
The Xiongnu posthumously crowned Liu Bei's son.
During the period of the "Five Hu Chaohua", the Xiongnu gradually became the Central Plains, and their support for Liu Han was thus realized. Liu Yuan's behavior of chasing Liu Adou, the queen of Shu Han, can be understood as the Xiongnu using Liu Han's name to consolidate their position in the troubled times through the "Liu Banner". The Xiongnu's actions in this historical background were not simply out of respect for Liu Bei's descendants, but also out of the skillful use of power.
Brief summary. The Central Plains of the Xiongnu, the strength of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and the heritage of the Han Dynasty jointly promoted the decline of the Xiongnu. The Southern Xiongnu were centralized during the "Five Hu Chaohua" period and were eventually unified by Cao Cao, while the Northern Xiongnu were driven to Central Asia. Liu Han's enthusiasm helped the Southern Xiongnu gain a foothold in the troubled times, and eventually established their own state represented by Liu Yuan. The Xiongnu's pursuit of Liu Bei's son Adou was a clever use of power in troubled times, and it was a means for the Xiongnu to consolidate their position with the help of the "Liu's banner".
This article provides a detailed interpretation of the Xiongnu's role in historical development and its relationship with the Han Dynasty, especially highlighting the interesting historical details of the Xiongnu's posthumous posthumous title of Liu Bei's son Liu Adou during the Wuhu Rebellion. Through clear logic and vivid descriptions, the author gives the reader a better understanding of why the Xiongnu took such actions during this period.
First, this paper makes an in-depth analysis of the rise of the Xiongnu and points out the origin and development of the steppe nomads in the Qin and Han dynasties. It is emphasized that under the unification of the Qin Dynasty, the Xiongnu were forced to begin to annex and gradually become stronger. This point is vividly illustrated by the view that "what drives a person or a nation to progress is often not **, but pressure".
Secondly, the article excavates the reasons for the revival of the Han Dynasty and the confrontation against the Xiongnu during the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. It emphasizes that Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty himself's heroic temperament, the pinnacle of imperial power, and the abundant financial resources of the Han Dynasty are the keys to success against the Xiongnu. This analysis helps the reader understand why the Xiongnu suffered setbacks during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and the plight the Xiongnu faced after their overall strength declined.
Furthermore, this paper expounds the process of the Central Plains of the Xiongnu, especially the historical context of the Southern Xiongnu being gradually Central Plains during the strong period of the Han Dynasty. The author vividly depicts the evolution of the Xiongnu by describing the division of the Southern Xiongnu and the intermarriage policy. This provides an important background for the subsequent explanation of why the Xiongnu posthumously crowned Liu Bei's son.
Finally, the article deeply analyzes the reasons why the Xiongnu posthumously crowned Liu Bei's son Adou, and points out that this behavior is not simply a respect for Liu Bei's descendants, but also the result of the Xiongnu's flexible use of power in troubled times. The Xiongnu relied on the "Liu's Banner" to maintain their position in turbulent times, which made the historical story more vivid and interesting.
On the whole, this article has clear logic and unique perspectives, and through an in-depth interpretation of historical events, readers can better understand the position and influence of the Xiongnu in historical evolution. For history buffs, this review is undoubtedly a wonderful journey of historical exploration.
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