The Chinese Chinese language culture is rich and colorful, and the Chinese dialect is a typical representative。Although the seven major Chinese dialects have differences in pronunciation and vocabulary, they all originate from the splendid culture of the Han nation and are an important part of the common language and cultural heritage of the Chinese nation.
These dialects not only represent the unique charm of regional culture, but also symbolize the spirit of solidarity, mutual assistance, tolerance and symbiosis of the Chinese nation.
Hakka, the language is full of charm and mystery. It is the common language of the Han and Hakka ethnic groups in ChinaIt is called a "living fossil"., because it retains a large number of vocabulary and pronunciation characteristics of the Tang and Song dynasties.
However, Hakka is not an immutable ancient language, but a product of a fusion of multiple ethnic languages. Ancient Chinese and She language have provided nourishment for this language. That's why it's so colorful and fascinating.
Nowadays, the Hakka language is mainly spoken in southern China. It is distributed in eastern Guangdong, northern Guangdong, southern Jiangxi and other places, with a wide range and a large number of speakers, making it one of the world's major languages.
Taiwan is also home to the Hakka language, and its official status in the region is unmatched.
Not only that, but the dialects of Hakka are highly differentiated. Meizhou dialect and Huizhou dialect are all in their own system, and their vocabulary and pronunciation are different. Fortunately, they are basically interoperable, and both history and reality are promoting the convergence of local dialects.
How can this ancient and living language be preserved?This is a major issue facing all Hakka people.
With the promotion of Mandarin education, many younger generations no longer use Hakka. We have to find ways to pass it on effectivelySo that the charm of this language has been passed on, and the elegance is peerless
The Hakka people are one of the largest floating ethnic groups in China and have formed a unique Hakka culture.
The origin of the Hakka folk line can be traced back to the Warring States period. According to the "Historical Records", the Chu and Han dynasties fought each other, and the people in the Central Plains were deeply devastated by the war. In 196 BC, Xiang Yu's army was defeated, and many of the people of Chu were forced to leave their hometowns and embark on the road of moving south.
Some of them came to settle in the present-day Lingnan area, and gradually formed the prototype of the ancient Hakka people through assimilation and integration. These ancient Hakka ancestors took the mountainous areas of eastern Guangdong as their main activity area.
Archaeological findsTheir production tools are simple, their houses are small, and their economy and culture are relatively backward compared with the local aborigines.
In the past 2,000 years, the Han people in the Central Plains have been repeatedly war-torn and have taken refuge in the south. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the situation in the north was in turmoil, and the displaced people "flocked down", among which Henan and Shandong were the most numerous.
They met the early Hakka people in Lingnan, and their language and Xi were different, but they all made a living from agriculture and gradually integrated into one, laying the foundation of today's Hakka people.
These new Hakka people, skilled and discerning, introduced high-yield crops from the Central Plains and improved agricultural tools, which promoted the prosperity of Hakka villages.
The end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty was an important turning point in the development of Hakka。At this time, the Hakka population reached millions and their power was unprecedentedly strong. They actively participated in the anti-Qing and Ming restoration movement and fought to the death against the Qing army.
Despite the ultimate defeat, the Hakka people's fighting spirit and national integrity can still be sung and cried and recited for future generations. During this period, a large number of Hakka literati and scholars also appeared, and Hakka culture improved in an all-round way.
Nowadays, the Hakka people have taken root in the land of China, and the Hakka culture enriches the connotation of Chinese civilization with its unique charm.
We believe that the Hakka people in the future will embrace the world with a more open mind and look at the worldWe will continue to contribute wisdom and strength to the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
The Hakka people in Guangdong, Fujian and other places have formed many unique customs and Xi in their long-term life and work.
These XiOn the one hand, it reflects the national character of the Hakka people who are intelligent, hardworking, dedicated and enthusiastic, and on the other hand, it also reveals their simple and simple life philosophy.
They advocate practicality, and when building houses, they like to live in enclosures, and build unique tulou buildings based on the topography and topography. This kind of building is not only structurally stable and resistant to wind and rain, but also has a high utilization rate of space to accommodate the life of large family members.
There are constant fireworks in the tulou all year round, and it is an ideal place for family gatherings and religious activities.
In order to maintain the relationship between the tribesmen, the Hakka people will also hold an annual harvest festival in the tulou, the whole family gathered together, praying for blessings and auspiciousness, and the scene was warm and jubilant.
They are also in awe of nature. On the sixth day of the sixth month of June, they always go to the mountain temple to burn incense and worship. On the one hand, he prays to the mountain gods to bless the harvest of the five grains and the growth of all things, and on the other hand, he expresses his reverence for nature.
The belief in mountain gods migrated to Taiwan with the Hakka ancestors, and evolved a more colorful way of sacrifice in the local area. Nowadays, many Taiwanese Hakka people will go to the mountains to ask for tigers during the Lilin season, praying for the blessing of the tiger god.
Not only that, the Hakka people advocate hard work, and dragon boat races are always organized on the day of the Dragon Boat Festival。Dragon boat rowing seems to be fun, but it is actually a praise for the quality of hard work.
The competition demonstrated the team spirit of the contestants and also reflected the humble and studious virtues of the Hakka people.
The dragon boat race originated from the tragedy of the ancient patriotic poet Qu Yuan, and the Hakka people have passed it down from generation to generation, turning this festival into a cultural activity that entrusts the virtues of hard work.
Nowadays, the Guangdong Meizhou Dragon Boat Race has developed into a thrilling water "World Cup", attracting dragon boat masters from all over the world to compete.
In terms of funeral Xi, the Hakka people are also quite particular. Children should keep filial piety for three years, which is the embodiment of the traditional concept of the Chinese nation of "death is like life".
Various ceremonies convey the children's sorrow and immortal remembrance of their ancestors. The Hakka people believe that the deceased is gone, but their spirit and blessings will always accompany future generations.
Therefore, the Hakka people will return to their hometowns to sweep the tombs on festivals such as Qingming Festival, light the green incense, and remember the ancestors Deze. This funeral Xi has also become a highlight of Hakka culture.
Regional differences in language are closely related to regional cultures, which is particularly prominent in the distribution of regional dialects in China.
The southwest's complex topography and high mountains and long roads have limited cultural exchanges since ancient times, so the language here retains more ancient elements.
For example, the dialects of Sichuan, Guizhou and other places still retain some medieval phonetic systems. This phonetic "ancient".It is also believed to reflect the heavy sense of historical precipitation in the customs of the southwest region.
In contrast, the Beijing dialect system in North China is present. As the most important basis for the promotion of Chinese in modern times, this phonetic system itself is gradually abstracted in the process of absorbing the essence of local languages.
It can be said that it is eclectic and reflects the inclusiveness of the Han language as a whole.
However, this "inclusiveness" seems to be more at the phonetic level, and the construction of the internal system of the language, such as vocabulary and grammar, is still dominated by the localized Beijing dialect.
The Wu and Cantonese speaking areas in the south have obvious geographical isolation. The complex topographical environment makes the internal exchanges of culture in these areas frequent and the external exchanges are relatively limited.
Therefore, it retains more ancient Chinese vocabulary and grammatical components. A similar situation is seen in the Min speaking area, except that there are more branches and complex dialects, which are closely related to the complex mountainous environment of the region itself and the terrain of many straits.
The boundaries of the distribution areas of various local dialects in China are often basically the same as the scope of a certain regional environment or historical and cultural circle.
The evolution of language is fundamentally an aspect of cultural evolutionThe geographical environment shapes the regional cultural circle and promotes the common development of languages in the region.
The reason why the Chinese Chinese dialect has a long history and is coherent is precisely because of this mode of language evolution based on regional cultural circles.
Language is an important part of national and national culture, and it is also an important heritage of human civilization. The protection of languages can not only preserve the traditional culture of countries and nations, but also promote cultural diversity and the prosperity and development of human civilization.
China is a multi-ethnic and multilingual country with rich linguistic resources. Each language carries a unique cultural and historical background and is an important tool for human communication and communication.
The preservation of languages not only preserves the unity and stability of the country, but also promotes harmonious coexistence and communication between different ethnic groups.
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