When the cold wave hits, who are more "sensitive" to cold weather, who are the vulnerable groups with body hypothermia, and how to do a good job of health protection ......In response to the questions that the public is concerned about, we ask experts to answer.
Who needs special attention during cold weather or when temperatures plummet?
The elderly, pregnant women, infants and young children, patients with chronic diseases such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (hypertension, stroke, coronary heart disease, etc.), respiratory diseases, and people who work or do activities outdoors for a long time are susceptible to cold weather and need special attention.
Why does cold weather or a sudden drop in temperature affect older people more?
The elderly are more afraid of cold than young people, mainly due to the gradual decline of physical strength and weakened activity capacity of the elderly, reduced metabolic function, relatively reduced heat production, and poor body temperature regulation function, so that in the low temperature environment or after contact with the cold, it is easy to shiver and hypothermia, so in the cold season, it is especially necessary to be vigilant against the occurrence of body hypothermia in the elderly.
What are the susceptible diseases of cold weather or sudden drop in temperature?
1) Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
Low temperature stimulation will cause blood vessel constriction, blood pressure increase, heart rate increase, myocardial ischemia, blood viscosity increase and promote thrombosis, so the sudden change of ambient temperature will aggravate the condition of patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, resulting in a sharp rise in blood pressure and stroke in hypertensive patientsIt can also induce coronary artery spasm and lead to myocardial infarction.
2) Respiratory diseases.
Cold air can dry out the local mucosa of the nasopharynx, resulting in small ruptures, and viruses and bacteria can easily take advantage of the weakness, resulting in a high incidence of respiratory diseases. A sudden drop in temperature can induce exacerbations of diseases such as asthma.
3) Other diseases.
People who work or live in cold areas for a long time or work and move outdoors for a long time during the sudden drop in temperature are prone to frostbite, low back and leg pain and aggravation of rheumatic diseasesSudden temperature drops can also have adverse effects on pregnant women and their babies.
Who are the vulnerable people with body hypothermia?
Elderly people who do not have adequate food, clothing, or heating.
Babies sleeping indoors in a low-temperature environment.
People who spend a lot of time outdoors – such as wanderers, hikers, etc.
People who have drunk alcohol.
What are the symptoms of hypothermia in the body?How to protect it?
*。Shivering, prostration;Memory loss, slurred speech;Drowsiness.
Infants. Bright red, chills.
If you notice any of these signals, take your temperature and seek medical attention immediately if your temperature falls below 35. If you can't get medical attention right away, raise your temperature by putting you in a warm room or shelterTake off wet clothes in a timely manner;Take steps to warm the core areas of the body – chest, neck, head and groin;Take hot beverages to help raise body temperature, but don't take alcoholic beverages and don't give them to people who aren't conscious. Once the condition has eased, seek medical attention as soon as possible.
Protective measures. Ask.
How do residents in different regions cope with cold weather and plummeting temperatures?
Answer. Residents in the southern region should pay attention to the weather forecast, purchase clothes and warm supplies in time, and relevant institutions should also publicize health protection knowledge.
Although residents in northern areas have indoor heating facilities, they should further strengthen their protection against heat and prevent carbon monoxide poisoning when the temperature plummets when the cold wave comes.
Residents in extremely cold areas should pay attention to the weather forecast, pay attention to indoor and self-warmth, prevent carbon monoxide poisoning, stock up on enough warm items and food in advance, and try not to go out.
Ask. How to deal with the poor perception of cold weather risks among vulnerable populations?
Answer. Cold weather (cold wave) will have a certain impact on human health, especially for the elderly, pregnant women, infants and young children, and vulnerable groups such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and respiratory diseases. However, these vulnerable groups may not have a high awareness of the risk of cold wave and their awareness of self-protection, so before or during the cold wave, we should strengthen the popularization of science on the risk of cold wave among vulnerable groups and improve their awareness of self-protection. For example, pay attention to the early warning before the cold wave, pay attention to the temperature change, strengthen indoor and self-warmth, etc.
Ask. What should I do if I feel unwell in cold weather?
Answer. During the cold wave, residents who feel unwell, especially some vulnerable groups, such as the elderly, pregnant women, infants and young children, as well as patients with chronic diseases such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and respiratory diseases, should go to the hospital for medical treatment in time.
Ask. What precautions are in place during cold weather or sudden temperature drops?
Answer. 1) When the temperature drops suddenly, pay attention to adding clothes to keep warm, especially to keep your hands and face warm.
2) Close doors and windows and secure outdoor structures.
3) Beware of slipping and falling on the road when going out.
4) The elderly, pregnant women, infants and young children, patients with chronic diseases such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and respiratory diseases should pay attention to keeping warm, strengthening nutrition, exercising moderately, and reducing going out.
5) Pay attention to rest and don't overly fatigue.
6) Households that use coal stoves for heating should beware of carbon monoxide poisoning.
7) In windy weather, pay attention to falling objects when going out.
8) Pay attention to the weather forecast and pay attention to the cold wave news or alerts issued by relevant departments.
*: Healthy China WeChat***