Question: Lu You is a well-known great poet, it is said that he never writes poems, I have not read many of his poems, but today I casually watched a poem "Look at the Plum Quatrain": Lao Tzu does not need to shoot when dancing, plum blossoms are inserted with black scarf incense, it is out of the law, what is the situation?
This question is very simple, quatrains, there are quatrains in ancient style and quatrains in legal style. Lu You's poem is an ancient quatrain, and naturally there is a situation of law.
In the quatrains of the ancient style, there are many of the five quatrains in the ancient style, and the quatrains of the law are almost equal. However, most of the quatrains of the seven words are legal quatrains, so everyone will feel a little surprised when they occasionally see the seven quatrains of the ancient style.
Below, we can take a look at Lu You's group of "Watching Mei Quatrains", which are actually the seven uniques of ancient style. Secondly, we can take a look at other great poets, including Li Bai and Du Fu, who also have many ancient styles that have been handed down to the world.
Look at Mei's five quatrains, one of them.
Plum blossoms should be cold and more shaded, and rub the cane to cross the stream to find. The fragrance is soothing to the collar, and I don't believe in the iron and stone heart now.The first and third sentences are out of the law. Rhyme [invasion], it can be seen that even if it is an ancient quatrain, the rhyme is rhythmic.
Second.
Under the plum tree, the Huangmao Hill, the ancients can still love flowers. The light smoke of the moon listens to the shepherd's flute, and there is no need to worry about life and death.The first two sentences are in ancient style, and the last two sentences are in legal style. Rhyme [especially] rhyme, pay attention to the second sentence is not, it is a flat rhyme, the meaning of doubt;The last sentence is not, it's a voice.
Third.
Ten acres of barren ducks are bathed, and the cold is deep in the withered reeds. Where to find a ship full of wine, and when drunk, tied to the ancient merin.Fourth, there are thousands of people. Gain, full, not colleagues for the voice. If you use the word Pingsheng, it is a three-way tail, and it still belongs to the law sentence;If it is a flat voice, it is a normal rhythm. But the two words are at the same time, and the law is out.
The fourth (December 1154).
Seven quatrains.
A thing is not horizontal to the chest, and it is drunk to talk and sit in the middle. Plum blossoms should be remembered, but unfortunately now white happens.The first and third sentences are out of the law. [G] rhyme.
Fifth.
Lao Tzu does not need to shoot when dancing, and the plum blossoms are mixed with black scarf incense. Don't laugh at the previous play, I die and you think about it.The first two sentences are out of the law. In the first sentence, there is no need to turn the two words upside down. The second sentence is three flat tones.
It can be seen that Lu You's 5 quatrains are all ancient style poems, which are intentional. Otherwise, there would not be no quatrain. The same practice is not uncommon among the ancients, such as Su Shi's group of "Five Uniques of the Night Pan West Lake".
The Southern Song Dynasty had Lu You, and the Northern Song Dynasty had Su Shi. For Mr. Dongpo's set of quatrains, Weng Fanggang praised it:
"Five Uniques of the Night Pan West Lake" is a big and capable reality. In the quatrain, the ancients have been emptied. "Shizhou Poems".Weng Fanggang's "Five Uniques of the Night Pan West Lake" does not mean a five-character quatrain, but a five-character quatrain. And they are all quatrains in ancient style:
1. The crescent moon has not yet been settled, and it has only broken five or six gradually coiled. Tonight, the spit is as beautiful as half a beauty, and visitors have to look at the [three watches].
2, [three watches] to the moon gradually drooping, want to fall but not set the scenery is strange. Who expected the personnel of the Ming Dynasty to see [Canglong Xiwu].
3, [Canglong is gone] Niu Douheng, Dongfang Mangjiao rises to Chang Geng. The fisherman did not know, and the only sound of the boat passing by was the sound of "mushrooms".
4. [Mushroom] The boundless water is vast, and the lotus flowers bloom at night and the wind is fragrant. Gradually see the lights out of the far temple, and wait for the moon to be dark to see the [lake light].
5. [Lake Light] is neither a ghost nor a fairy, the wind and waves are quiet and full of light. When you enter the temple in twos and twos, you will not see the emptiness.Su Shi's five ancient poems and seven uniques, but also used the thimble (thimble is also called, bead or re-election) method, the old street with the poem with [] marked. The works of the Song people were naturally inherited from the Tang Dynasty. Let's take a look at the seven unique ancient styles of the Tang people.
Knot Socks is a seven-word ancient quatrain created by Li Bai with the old title of Yuefu, Wu Menhao and Qing Hongmao are all unique to ancient style poems
Yannan Zhuangshi [Wu Menhao], build a lead fish hidden knife in the middle. Grateful for the king's grace, Taishan threw [light feathers]."Three Quatrains" is a seven-character ancient quatrain group poem by the poet Saint Du Fu.
1. The history of the assassination in Yuzhou the year before last, and the history of the assassination in Kaizhou this year. The group of thieves follows the tiger and wolf, and cannibals are more willing to keep their wives.
2. Twenty-one families entered Shu together, but only one person left Luo [Valley]. When she said that the second daughter had her arms, she turned around and cried to Qin Yun.
3. The soldiers and horses in front of the palace [although they are strong], and the arson is slightly the same as Qiang. Hearing that the murderous man is on the water, most of the women are in the [official army].The first two poems are rhymes (valley and crying are rhymes), which must be ancient style poems, and the third one only needs to see the "three flat tones" to know that it is an ancient style poem: although Xiaoxiong, in the official army.
If you pay a little attention when you usually read poems, although the ancient seven-character quatrains of Tang and Song poets account for a small proportion, they will often be encountered. For example, the first sentence of Li Bai's "Sending Meng Haoran to Guangling" is an ancient style sentence. Li Bai's "Climbing the Five Old Peaks of Lushan Mountain" is in ancient style:
[Lushan] five old peaks in the southeast, the blue sky cut out the [gold] hibiscus. Jiujiang is beautiful [can be taken] knots, I will be here [nest] cloud pine.Meng Jiao's "Luoqiao Evening Look" sentence structure is a rhythmic sentence, and the rhyme foot is a rhyme:Peaceful, peaceful. Pingping, pingping, pingping.
The ice under the Tianjin Bridge is beginning to end, and Luoyang Mo is absolutely untouched. The elm willow is sparse and the pavilion is idle, and the moon is bright to see the snow in Songshan Mountain.Poets like to imitate ancient poems, the Tang people are also learning to imitate the predecessors, before the Tang Dynasty five-word poems are the majority, but there are also seven-word poems, for example, this "Night Watching Shan Feiyan" is the seven-word quatrain of the poets of the Southern Dynasty:Ping Ping Ping, Ping Ping, Zhong Ping, Ping Ping, Zhong Ping, Ping
The night stars in the north of the frost river are scarce, and a goose is hoarse. I knew that I should lose each other halfway, so it was better to fly alone.This is a genuine quatrain in ancient style, the work of Emperor Xiao Gang of the Liang Dynasty.
Shen Yue, Xie Hao, Wang Rong and others summarized the experience of their predecessors and studied the law of the four tones (flat and entering), which directly influenced the method of poetry for later generations.
In the Tang Dynasty's Jinshi Imperial Examination, poetry creation became a compulsory subject, and Tang poetry reached the peak of poetry. Most of the trial poems for the imperial examination are five-character (row) poems.
Later generations will pay attention to the rhythm of the poems, called the rhythm of the poem or close style poems, the poems that do not conform to the rhythm of the poem, called the ancient style of poetry.
Because before the maturity of the Tang Dynasty's poetry, the five-character poems of the Han and Wei dynasties and the Northern and Southern Dynasties were already popular, and the seven-character poems began to be carried forward in the Tang Dynasty, so there were many medieval styles of the Five Uniques, and very few of the Seven Absolute Middle Ages. The seven quatrains that we are familiar with are almost all legal quatrains, so many people mistakenly think that the seven quatrains are all legal poems.
It can be seen from this that there is a phenomenon of law in the seven-character quatrains of the ancients, most of which are intentional, and they are originally quatrains in ancient style, not the cause of negligence.
The taste of the old street. Helplessly, the flowers fell, and the familiar swallow returned, did it use a comparison technique?