As an important place for research science and technology, the wastewater of chemical laboratories is rich in chemical components and harmful substances that may pollute the environment. Therefore, wastewater treatment in chemical laboratories has become an indispensable thing. This article will focus on the equipment and methods of wastewater treatment in chemical laboratories.
First, the characteristics of sewage.
Chemical laboratory wastewater is characterized by high concentration and many varieties, mainly including organic matter, inorganic salts, heavy metals, microorganisms, etc. Due to the high concentration of pollutants in laboratory wastewater, the greater the harm to the environment if it is discharged directly into the environment. Therefore, laboratory wastewater must be treated.
2. Sewage treatment equipment.
Sedimentation tanks. In the sewage treatment equipment of the laboratory, the sedimentation tank is one of the main equipment for the treatment of suspended particulate matter in the sewage. After the sewage enters the sedimentation tank, under the action of gravity and time, the particles accumulate and precipitate to the bottom of the tank to form sludge, and the clean water in the upper part is discharged through the outlet of the sedimentation tank. Commonly used sedimentation tanks include circular pools, long pools, etc.
Activated carbon adsorber.
Activated carbon adsorber removes organic matter and certain heavy metal ions in wastewater through the action of adsorbed substances. This kind of equipment mainly adsorbs organic matter through activated carbon, thereby reducing the polluting components of wastewater.
Reverse osmosis desalination.
The reverse osmosis desalination machine can remove sodium, calcium, magnesium, iron and other ions through filtration, so as to achieve the purpose of reducing pollution. The reverse osmosis desalination machine in the laboratory generally uses RO technology to remove salt, ions and other substances in the sewage, and then meets the requirements of direct wastewater discharge through further treatment.
3. Sewage treatment methods.
The wastewater treatment methods in the chemical laboratory are mainly based on the characteristics of the sewage and adopt different treatment methods. According to the classification of advanced technology, there are six main types of wastewater treatment in chemical laboratories:
Activated sludge method.
The activated sludge method is to mix sewage with activated sludge and react under aerobic conditions to remove turbidity, suspended solids and soluble organic matter in sewage through the microorganisms of sludge to achieve the purpose of treating sewage.
Biological contact oxidation.
The biological contact oxidation method uses the metabolic ability of microorganisms to decompose the organic matter in the sewage into harmless substances and water, and can create a good biological contact oxidation reaction zone through the combination of perfusion membrane and anaerobic particulate matter.
Ion exchange method.
The ion exchange method uses ion exchange resin to treat sewage by using the principle of interaction between the charges of different ions, and treats industrial wastewater such as ions and metal ions in sewage, which can reduce harmful substances in wastewater.
Microelectrolysis. Microelectrolysis is the use of the ion movement characteristics of the electrolyte solution to remove metal ions and harmful substances by electrolysis. Microelectrolysis can reduce the concentration of harmful substances to a low level, resulting in a better removal effect.
Advanced oxidation.
The advanced oxidation method is a reaction in which halides and hydroxide ions are highly oxidized to oxygen to improve the rate and effect of chemical reactions. Advanced oxidation methods can often effectively remove organic matter, heavy metal ions and other substances from wastewater.
Membrane separation. The membrane separation method is to use special membrane materials to separate and remove harmful substances and suspended solids in wastewater, which has the advantages of fast reaction speed, good removal effect and low energy consumption.
Fourth, summary. There are various equipment and methods for sewage treatment in chemical laboratories, and it is necessary to select appropriate sewage treatment equipment and methods according to the characteristics of laboratory wastewater, so as to effectively reduce the content of pollutants in wastewater and protect the environment and human health.