Three minutes to talk about culture
* After the Red Army arrived in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningbo Border Region, in order to expand its living space, it took the initiative to launch the "Eastern Expedition" and the "Western Expedition". The main purpose of the Eastern Expedition to Shanxi was to raise money, recruit troops, and occupy territory. The harvest was to expand the influence of the anti-Japanese resistance, force the Jin Sui army to encircle and retreat from Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia, recruit more than 2,000 recruits (including some young students), and more importantly, levy more than 30 yuan from the ocean, and raise a large amount of grain, cloth, and Western medicine. Temporarily relieve the Red Army's "rice without cooking". The "Western Expedition" expanded the territory of more than 10 counties in the direction of Ningxia, and expanded the border area from "Shaanxi" to "Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia." At the same time, he forced Ma Hongkui to retreat westward, and did not dare to attack the Red Army again.
After the "Xi'an Incident", the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, and the second cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, the CCP summed up the lessons of history, and the economy shifted from external dependence to internal economic construction. The erroneous line of looting finances and turning the peasants and petty bourgeoisie into proletarians by burning and killing them in order to force them to join the revolution was basically rejected. Vigorously develop the public and private economies in the base areas, and establish red finance. In addition to the fact that the public economy already had a certain foundation, the revolutionary finance and the support of the broad masses of peasants played a key role in guaranteeing the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the War of Liberation. Since then, the Chinese revolution has finally reversed the strategic passivity of repeated battles and setbacks to the strategic initiative of repeated victories.
The Soviet Union's military aid to China during the War of Resistance was not to the Communist Party, but to the Kuomintang. From October 1937 to August 1939, the Soviet Union's military supplies to the Kuomintang included: 985 aircraft, 82 tanks, 1,317 artillery pieces, 1,150 automobiles, 30 tractors, 14,025 machine guns, 164,560,000 rounds of ammunition, 1,900,000 artillery shells, and 82,300 bombs. The Soviet Air Force was also sent to China to participate in the war.
But it also gave the CCP some assistance. During the Anti-Japanese War, the Soviet Union and the Comintern supported the CCP and received more than 1.5 million US dollars (including 30,000 US dollars brought by Wang Jiaxiang back to China).
In November 1937, before the CCP representatives to the Comintern, Wang Ming, Kang Sheng, and ** left Moscow, the Comintern promised to allocate $1.5 million in aid to the CCP. However, the implementation rate is not in place. As a result, in February 1938, the CCP reported to the Comintern that "the Eighth Route Army had a total of 80,000 to 100,000 soldiers, and only 50% of the soldiers were equipped with rifles. And "the main problem hindering our further development is the lack of funds and equipment." From Chiang Kai-shek we could not get a rifle and a machine gun, let alone artillery. The total ammunition we got from Chiang Kai-shek, Yan Xishan and others was only 3 million rounds. Chiang Kai-shek's policy was not to give us a single rifle. So, "If we can get your money soon, then we can buy a fair amount of machine guns, rifles, pistols, Mausers, and bullets." ”