In 2023, the attractiveness, influence and competitiveness of China's vocational education will continue to increase. From the establishment of a city-wide industry-education consortium to the establishment of a modern vocational education science and education integration community;From the launch of the first batch of pilot projects for the reform of vocational education courses in key areas, to the release of key tasks for the construction and reform of the modern vocational education systemFrom improving the professional setting of vocational education to promoting the establishment of a multi-industry integration community ......Vocational education has taken on a new look, showing a good momentum of vigorous development.
At present, vocational schools across the country have opened more than 1,300 majors and more than 120,000 professional points, basically covering all aspects of the national economy. In the fields of modern manufacturing, strategic emerging industries and modern service industries, more than 70% of the new front-line employees come from vocational colleges. Vocational education has a bright future and great promise. In the future, vocational education will continue to be a "booster" for industrial development, and play a positive role in promoting employment and entrepreneurship, boosting economic and social development, and improving people's well-being.
Promote the further integration of industry and education
The "Notice on Carrying out the Construction of Municipal Industry-Education Consortium" was issued
On April 18, the Ministry of Education issued the Notice on Carrying out the Construction of Municipal Industry-Education Consortium. The notice requires the creation of a number of city-level industry-education consortiums with the functions of talent training, innovation and entrepreneurship, and promoting the high-quality development of the industrial economy. About 50 will be built by the end of 2023, about 50 more by the end of 2024, and a total of about 150 city-level industry-education complexes will be built by 2025.
According to Zhang Qihong, Secretary of the Party Committee of Beijing Vocational College of Electronic Science and Technology, the city-level industry-education consortium refers to the entity management organization formed by the combination of enterprises, colleges and universities and first-class departments within the city. This concept first appeared in the "Opinions on Deepening the Construction and Reform of the Modern Vocational Education System" issued by the General Office of the Communist Party of China at the end of 2022, and belongs to one wing of the new pattern of "one body and two wings" vocational education. "City" is not only a spatial concept, but also a functional unit, similar to an industrial cluster. Different from other types of education, vocational education requires the formation of a joint force by the main body such as **, schools, and enterprises, and collaborative education. The completion of the city-level industry-education consortium has provided a platform and a place for joint efforts.
In October, the list of the first batch of city-level industry-education consortiums was officially announced. Each municipal industry-education consortium includes a supporting park, a leading university, a leading enterprise and a number of related units, and has established a council or board of directors composed of personnel, enterprises, schools, scientific research institutions and other personnel. Through the coordination and cooperation of various entities, the municipal industry-education consortium will meet the requirements of clear property rights, complete organization, sound mechanism and efficient operation.
At the beginning of 2024, the Ministry of Education will accept the first batch of cultivation units of the city-level industry-education consortium. The acceptance will be used as an important basis for the selection of places with obvious results in vocational education reform, the construction of the "Double High Plan", and the allocation of funds for the quality improvement plan of modern vocational education. In the future, the Ministry of Education will continue to monitor and manage the construction of the city's industry-education consortium in accordance with the principle of "entering and leaving, and dynamic adjustment", in the form of field research and annual plan implementation review.
Change the separation of research and teaching
110 national "double high" colleges and enterprises form a modern vocational education science and education integration community
On May 14, the symposium on "Science and Education Integration Vocational Colleges in Action" was held in Weifang City, Shandong Province. At the symposium, a modern vocational education science and education integration community composed of 110 national "double high" colleges and enterprises was established. The Community issued the "Proposal for the Integration of Science and Education in Modern Vocational Education" to higher vocational colleges across the country, and released a list of more than 200 technological innovation needs and talent needs.
The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed to coordinate the collaborative innovation of vocational education, higher education, and continuing education, promote the integration of vocational education, industry and education, and science and education, and optimize the positioning of vocational education. The integration of science and education is an innovative expression, which means that science and technology and education should be integrated and intertwined. For vocational education, "science" can refer not only to technical skills and their applied research, but also to all scientific research in the field of vocational education.
At present, there is still a phenomenon of separation between scientific research and teaching in China's vocational education, and the integration of science and education is a prescription for this situation. The specific measures for the integration of science and education are to integrate scientific and technological innovation into the teaching links of vocational colleges, guide students to participate in real scientific research projects, and comprehensively improve students' innovative spirit and ability.
The integration of science and education also requires the in-depth participation of teachers in vocational colleges. Vocational colleges should send teachers to scientific research institutions and high-tech enterprises for temporary training, and encourage teachers to carry out all kinds of scientific research projects and technological innovation. At the same time, scientific research institutions should also participate in the process of designing and compiling teaching materials for vocational colleges. This series of measures will not only help vocational colleges to run schools and educate people and industrial transformation and upgrading, but also realize the seamless connection of skilled talents from graduation to employment, and improve the accuracy of the training of technical and skilled talents.
Vocational education does not require scientific research", the old perception is being shattered. At present, vocational education pays more and more attention to the transformation and application of scientific and technological achievements. Through the integration of science and education, universities, scientific research institutes, enterprises and other forces can be organically integrated, forming a new system of efficient collaboration and deep integration of production, education and research, and truly achieving a "win-win" situation for scientific research, industry and teaching.
Enhance the ability of vocational colleges to run schools
The first batch of pilot projects for the reform of vocational education courses in key areas was launched
In May, the Ministry of Education launched the first batch of pilot projects for the reform of vocational education courses in key areas. The first batch of pilot work focuses on six key areas, including a new generation of information technology, high-end CNC machine tools and robots, aerospace equipment, advanced rail transit equipment, energy-saving and new energy vehicles, and agricultural machinery and equipment, and is led by Shenzhen Vocational and Technical College, Zhejiang Mechanical and Electrical Vocational and Technical College, Chengdu Aviation Vocational and Technical College, Hunan Railway Vocational and Technical College, Hunan Automotive Engineering Vocational College, and Jiangsu Agriculture and Forestry Vocational and Technical College.
The leading colleges and universities should organize high-level vocational schools, industry leading enterprises and scientific research institutes in related fields to establish top teams nationwide, and promote the reform of higher vocational college courses in this field as a whole through overall planning and integrated design. The first pilot was launched in July and is expected to be completed and rolled out by the end of 2024. In various fields, it is necessary to focus on the construction of about 10 first-class professional core courses, supporting the construction of about 10 kinds of high-quality teaching materials and 5 typical production practice projects of school-enterprise cooperation, and cultivate a group of excellent teachers in the process of reform.
The curriculum carries the core content of vocational education. In July, the Ministry of Education issued the "Notice on Accelerating the Key Tasks of the Construction and Reform of the Modern Vocational Education System", which pointed out that it is necessary to lead the "classroom reform" of vocational education and improve the quality of technical and skilled personnel training in key core areas. The notice requires that by 2025, about 1,000 new courses will be built for key areas of the industry. The content of these courses should be in line with the actual work of the post, fully incorporate new technologies, new processes, and new norms, and the course design should conform to the law of teaching students according to their aptitude.
Coordinate talent training and industrial development
The "Implementation Plan for the Integration and Empowerment of Vocational Education (2023-2025)" was issued
Disciplines follow the industry, and majors revolve around demand" is the goal of the reform of vocational education majors. On June 8, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and other 8 departments jointly issued the "Implementation Plan for the Integration and Empowerment of Vocational Education (2023-2025)" (hereinafter referred to as the "Plan").
In order to solve the problem of "two skins" in talent training and industrial development, and promote the high-quality development of the integration of industry and education in vocational education, the "Plan" points out that the professional setting of vocational education should be improved, and vocational colleges should be encouraged to give priority to the development of a number of emerging majors needed by advanced manufacturing, new energy, new materials, biotechnology, artificial intelligence and other industries, accelerate the construction of a number of talents in shortage of majors such as nursing, health care, childcare, and housekeeping, and transform and upgrade a number of traditional majors in the fields of metallurgy, medicine, building materials, and light textiles. Professions with low employment rates and disappearing jobs. Encourage schools to open more majors that are in short supply and meet market demand, and form a professional system that closely connects the industrial chain and innovation chain.
Yang Xinbin, Secretary of the Party Committee of Shenzhen Polytechnic University, said that the opening of new majors is not to blindly follow the trend and seek innovation, but to meet social needs is the starting point and foothold of new majors. New majors should be firmly integrated with new technologies and new needs.
According to the results of the filing and approval of the establishment of higher vocational education majors in 2023, there are a total of 153 majors controlled by the state. These majors are mainly concentrated in medicine, traditional Chinese medicine and education, among which the largest proportion is education majors, including early education, preschool education, physical education, art education, etc. This fully reflects the response of vocational education majors to the needs of industries with a shortage of talents.
It is imperative to accelerate the study of professional standards. Chen Peng, a professor at the School of Education Science of Jiangsu Normal University, said that a number of new occupations have been derived from emerging industries such as artificial intelligence and cloud computing, such as blockchain engineering and technical personnel, information security testers, etc. However, what vocational abilities are needed for this kind of occupation, and what level of each vocational ability needs to reach, it is necessary to conduct systematic research, establish a system of vocational qualification standards, and lead the training of relevant talents in vocational colleges.
Build a "double-teacher" teacher team
The list of the first batch of national vocational education teacher teaching innovation teams was announced
In June, the Ministry of Education issued the Notice on Announcing the List of the First Batch of National Vocational Education Teacher Teaching Innovation Teams, identifying 111 national vocational education teacher teaching innovation teams (hereinafter referred to as national teams).
The notice pointed out that all localities should take the construction of the teaching innovation team of teachers in vocational colleges as an important starting point, deepen the reform of the construction of the teacher team, give full play to the demonstration and leading role of the national team, drive the overall planning and construction layout of the provincial and school-level teams, and gradually form a team network covering the backbone majors (groups), leading the reform and innovation of education and teaching models, and promoting the continuous improvement of the quality of talent training. The national team should do a good job in summarizing and condensing the achievements of construction experience, form a construction paradigm that can be promoted and replicated, continue to consolidate the results, take the lead in forming a teacher development community with in-depth cooperation between schools and enterprises, strengthen communication and cooperation with relevant colleges and universities, and promote national vocational colleges to strengthen the construction of high-quality "double-teacher" teachers through high-level school leadership and high-level team demonstration.
The National Vocational Education Reform Implementation Plan defines "dual-teacher" teachers as "teachers with both theoretical and practical teaching capabilities". In the process of promoting the integration of industry and education, "dual-teacher" teachers are rare and valuable talents.
For a long time, the shortage of "dual-teacher" teachers and teaching teams has been one of the bottlenecks restricting the reform and development of vocational education. In order to accelerate the training of "dual-teacher" teachers, the Ministry of Education announced the list of national vocational education "dual-teacher" teacher training bases (2023-2025) at the end of 2022, and a total of 170 colleges and universities were selected, which are an important force to undertake teacher training in various schools around the country.
The announcement of the list of national vocational education teacher teaching innovation teams has formed a good situation of "team leading, base supporting" in teacher training. It is believed that in the future, more and more "double-teacher" teachers and teaching teams will go to the front line of vocational education and contribute to the cultivation of skilled craftsmen in China.
Draw a good "concentric circle" of school-enterprise cooperation
The first national-level industry-education integration community was established in Changzhou, Jiangsu
On July 25, the National Rail Transit Equipment Industry Industry-Education Integration Community was established in Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, which is the first national-level industry-education integration community supported by the Ministry of Education. The first batch of members of the community include 9 ordinary universities, 34 vocational colleges, CRRC and its 49 manufacturing subsidiaries. The education administrative departments of the five industrial clusters participated as supporting units.
The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Education said that one of the reasons why the rail transit equipment industry was chosen as the first national industry industry integration community is that the rail transit industry chain is long and the driving effect is obvious. The rail transit industry chain can promote the rapid flow and agglomeration of various production factors, which is of great significance in narrowing the regional development gap, driving the transformation of urban pattern, population layout adjustment, economic and social development, etc., and is an important strategic industry of the country.
After the establishment of the national rail transit equipment industry industry-education integration community, the construction of industry-education integration communities in other industries has also been accelerating. In October, Shandong Vocational College of Industry and Shandong Iron and Steel Group, Northeastern University, Shandong University, and Hebei University of Industry and Technology jointly established a national steel intelligent manufacturing industry industry-education integration community. In November, the national new generation of electronic information technology innovation industry industry-education integration community was established in Ningbo.
Cao Qingnian, executive president of Xi'an Jiaotong Engineering University, said that the construction of an industry-education integration community requires the joint efforts of enterprises and schools. Through the establishment of an effective operating mechanism, the content list in the actual promotion process of the integration of industry and education is solved.
First, the lack of power, poor channels, limited platform and other problems. In the community mechanism, students can not only learn the basic skills required for the job from vocational colleges, but also learn the overall operation mechanism of the industry from undergraduate colleges, and eventually become high-level engineering technology and skilled talents who can combine practical skills and overall thinking.
Innovate the traditional training mode
11 key tasks for the construction and reform of the modern vocational education system have been released
In July, the General Office of the Ministry of Education issued the Notice on Accelerating the Key Tasks of the Construction and Reform of the Modern Vocational Education System, and issued 11 key tasks for the construction and reform of the modern vocational education system. The notice requires the continuous construction of a professional teaching resource library for vocational education, the construction of a benchmark school for vocational education informatization, and the construction of a demonstration virtual training base for vocational education. By 2025, about 200 national demonstration virtual training bases will be built, and about 1,000 regional demonstration virtual training bases will be built, and the innovation of the training and teaching mode of technical and skilled talents in vocational colleges will be promoted.
Digitalization has become an important direction and necessary support for the development of various types of education. For vocational education, the importance of digital means is particularly prominent. There are practical problems in the training and teaching of vocational education, such as "high investment, high difficulty, high risk, difficult implementation, difficult observation and difficult reproduction". However, with the help of a new generation of information technology such as virtual reality and digital twins, teachers and students can develop resources, upgrade equipment, build courses, and form teams through the virtual training base, innovate the traditional training mode, and effectively serve professional training and social training.
In addition to the construction of a virtual training base, each school will also rely on the "Vocational College Digital Campus Specification" to build the school's big data center and build an integrated intelligent teaching, management and service platform.
The Notice on Accelerating the Key Tasks of Accelerating the Construction and Reform of the Modern Vocational Education System points out that in accordance with the trend and requirements of the digital transformation of vocational education, a co-construction and sharing system of vocational education professional teaching resource library (hereinafter referred to as the resource library) with full coverage of secondary vocational and higher vocational undergraduates should be built in the school and province. The resource library will be built around specific majors, and the resource library at all levels will be connected to the national or provincial vocational education smart education platform to form a unified and shared resource system.
It is estimated that by 2025, China will drive the local construction of about 1,000 regional resource banks through a number of national resource banks, and basically achieve full coverage of vocational education majors.
Create a business card of China's vocational education
Luban Workshop has become a "technology station" on the "Belt and Road".
On October 10, the ** Press Office released the "Jointly Building the "Belt and Road": Major Practices of Building a Community with a Shared Future for Mankind" **Luban Workshop Project was included in the ** and introduced the project.
From Cairo in Egypt to Addis Ababa in Ethiopia;From Ayutthaya, Thailand, to Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan;From Moscow in Russia to Setúbal ...... PortugalThe logo of the Luban Workshop is like a gorgeous flower from the East, blooming wonderfully, becoming a beautiful vocational education scenery on the "Belt and Road".
Under the guidance of the Ministry of Education of China, Luban Workshop is an international brand of vocational education that is original and pioneered by Tianjin, and is committed to cultivating technical and skilled talents from cooperative countries who are familiar with Chinese technology, Chinese craftsmanship and Chinese products. So far, China has built 27 Luban workshops in 25 countries including Ethiopia, Egypt, Thailand, India, Indonesia, Pakistan, Cambodia and Portugal. Luban workshops are located on three continents in Asia, Africa and Europe, and have become a "technology station" on the "Belt and Road".
Focusing on key areas such as intelligent technology, new energy, new materials, advanced manufacturing, railway operation, and traditional Chinese medicine, according to the development needs of the countries that jointly build the "Belt and Road", Luban Workshop has opened industrial robots, additive manufacturing, new energy, cloud computing, Internet of Things, EMU maintenance, automobile maintenance, logistics management, Chinese cooking, traditional Chinese medicine, cross-border e-commerce, More than 70 majors, including smart agriculture, have cultivated tens of thousands of technical and skilled talents, helping to improve youth employment and people's livelihood in cooperative countries, and promoting the economic and social development of cooperative countries. At the same time, Luban Workshop also continues to train outstanding technical and skilled talents for large-scale Chinese-funded enterprises to develop overseas, drive Chinese enterprises and high-quality products to "go global", and continue to play the role of "teaching with output, production and education together".
In addition to Luban Workshop, China's "going to sea" vocational education brands include Silk Road College, Chinese Workshop, Zhenghe College, etc. All of them have become bright business cards in the process of internationalization of vocational education in China.
In the past ten years since the Belt and Road Initiative was proposed, China's vocational education has gone abroad to cultivate high-end technical and skilled talents for the country. In the past ten years, China has built 548 international vocational education standards252 bilingual textbooks for vocational education have been compiled, covering nearly 70,000 studentsIt has cooperated with more than 400 higher vocational colleges and foreign educational institutionsThe cumulative number of students enrolled in overseas schools is nearly 20,000. China's vocational colleges also continue to carry out exchanges and cooperation with their counterparts in the world, and have built a diversified and broad platform for this. For example, the World Alliance for the Development of Vocational and Technical Education, the "Belt and Road" Vocational Education Alliance, the China-ASEAN Transportation Vocational Education Alliance, the China-Thailand Vocational Education Alliance, etc.
*: Education in China**.