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On March 18, 2020, Mongolia** discussed the "National Outline of Mongolian Scripts" and decided to officially resume the use of traditional Mongolian scripts from January 1, 2025, which also marks that Mongolia is about to enter the stage of using two Mongolian scripts together.
You must know that since 1946, Mongolia, which has blindly followed the footsteps of the Soviet Union, has decisively abandoned the Uighur Mongolian script, and even after the collapse of the Soviet Union, Mongolia intends to restore the traditional Mongolian script, but it still fails due to external factors.
Many years have passed in the blink of an eye, and Mongolia is still reclaiming the traditional script of the past, which seems to reflect the Mongolian people's sense of historical identity, but what is even more puzzling is what is the motive for Mongolia to suddenly announce the restoration of traditional Mongolian?
As for the reasons for the repeated changes in writing, I am afraid that we have to start with the fact that Mongolia moved towards independence under the impetus of the Soviet Union.
Mongolia is located in the middle of Asia, and it can be said that China and Russia are the closest neighbors, and it is precisely because it is tightly surrounded by the two countries that Outer Mongolia has been thinking about who to be closer to for many years.
In fact, since the Tang Dynasty, the Mongolian steppe has been ruled by nomadic peoples such as Xianbei and Rouran for a long time, and the Tang Dynasty also set up the Anbei Protectorate here, but despite this, wars often occur here.
Especially before 1624, the Mongol tribes had been raising troops on the border for a long time to invade, resulting in a situation of fighting each other, until Huang Taiji successfully conquered Chaharb and changed the name of the country to Qing, and gradually quelled the rebellion of the Dzungar tribe and subjugated the Mongol tribes in one fell swoop.
It was not until 1660 that the Living Buddha of Kulun made a very firm decision to submit to the Qing Dynasty and always sneer at the policies of the Tsar**, which also affected the political landscape of Mongolia for hundreds of years.
However, with the development of time, Outer Mongolia, which was originally devoted to the Qing Dynasty, gradually chose to bow its head in the face of external forces, and since then, this representative who has been included in the scope of Qing Dynasty rule has gradually parted ways with China.
Since 1991, under the background of the Xinhai Revolution, Mongolia has been pushing Mongolia to the road of independence, and in order to achieve its goal, Russia and Mongolia have privately signed the illegal "Russian-Mongolian Entente".
On December 28, 1911, Outer Mongolia suddenly declared its independence, and Tsarist Russia, which itself was the controller, claimed to have become the "protector" of Mongolia.
Although the Chinese side reluctantly retained the initiative in Outer Mongolia at the legal level at first, in 1921 Wen Khanlun's troops still supported Jebtsundamba to ascend the throne of "Mongol Emperor" and announced the establishment of the so-called Mongolian constitutional monarchy**.
Immediately after the establishment of a republic in Mongolia, the Mongolian People's Republic was formally formed, and it was not until August 1945 that the people accepted the "Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance" given by the Soviet Union, which was regarded as accelerating the pace of formalization.
In the same year, the referendum system was carried out under the surveillance and control of the USSR, unexpectedly in the end 978% of the citizens were in favor of the independence of Outer Mongolia, and in January 1946 the nationals** had to officially recognize this fact.
It was also from 1946 that the Soviet Union, which single-handedly promoted Mongolia on the road to independence, developed a very friendly relationship with it with the blessing of interests, and the two sides not only reached a consensus on reciprocity, but also redefined culture and language.
In fact, the Uighurs were originally ethnic minority tribes in China, and the Uighurs were the first ethnic representatives to come to live in the cities in the nomadic areas, and to be precise, they were also the ancestors of the Uyghurs.
"The maneuver is as light as a falcon".This was a major point of the Uighur existence, and under the influence of the Han Chinese and the Uighurs, the Uighurs gradually abandoned the original Turkic script and created a Uighur script that was more suitable for the Uighur language.
In fact, the so-called Uighur script is all diaphonemic script, and its appearance has also greatly absorbed the letters of Turkic and Lite, and has been popular in the Turpan Basin and the Chu River Valley in Central Asia since the Tang Dynasty.
There are many documents that exist in the Uighur language today, not only in religious scriptures, but also in medical and literary works, and even in the Ming Dynasty, it was introduced to Europe and studied by the Germans.
The Uighur script is closely related to Mongolia, but scholars still believe that the Uighur script comes from the fifth century, including the Mongolian province of Hang'ai where there is a monument with the Rite script on three sides.
After the rise of Genghis Khan, the Uighur alphabet was used to spell the Mongolian language, and over time the Uighur Mongolian script was formed.
During the Yuan Dynasty, the Mongols were very Buddhist, so the Uighur language in East Asia would often accompany Uighur Buddhism, so the Mongolian language was of great value to the Mongols, which is why the Uighur language has been called "Uighur Mongolian" in the long history.
It was not until 1946 that the use of this script was completely shaken up, and a new script gradually replaced it under the influence of the Soviet Union, which was precisely the intention of the Soviets to extinguish the Uighur script in Mongolia.
The Cyrillic alphabet, which originated from the Greek alphabet, first appeared in order to facilitate the spread of Orthodox Christianity among the Slavic peoples, and the Cyrillic alphabet, which was only widely used by the Slavic peoples at first, was gradually accepted by other regions.
Serbia and Croatia were the first countries to use Cyrillic, and the Soviet Union gradually adopted Cyrillic for the needs of its own political system, including Azerbaijan and Kyrgyzstan.
Therefore, during the Soviet era, the use of Cyrillic script can be said to have been pushed to a heyday, and many countries, regions and nationalities began to imitate it, but the Mongolian script has a long history and did not follow closely at first.
However, in 1946, under the background of the Soviet Union's overt protection and actual control, Mongolia began to gradually adopt the Cyrillic alphabet, and even created a new Mongolian script on this basis, which began to be officially used in the same year.
The substitution of the Uighur language alone shows that the Soviet Union intended to infiltrate Mongolia culturally, and the marginalization of the Uighur Mongolian language also indicates that the Soviet Union intended to reduce the ties between Mongolia and China.
However, it is worth mentioning that Mongolia is somewhat reluctant to accept the incident of the change of writing, after all, the people of Mongolia still have a full sense of identity, and the best proof of this is the practice of Mongolia after the collapse of the Soviet Union.
On December 26, 1991, the Supreme Soviet Republic of the USSR held a meeting, which was also the last meeting, which marked the official disintegration of the Soviet Union and its disintegration into 15 countries.
If Russia eventually became the only successor state to the collapse of the Soviet Union, then all the policies pursued in Mongolia have very much in common with the Soviet Union, because their domestic model is basically identical.
However, it is not difficult to find that after Mongolia copied the Soviet-style political and economic system, on the surface, it did save trouble, but they did not know how to take its essence and remove its dross, but many disadvantages also chose to follow suit.
This is one of the reasons for the rigidity and low production efficiency of Mongolia's long-term economic system, because of the lack of materials in the 80s of the 20th century, it is almost impossible to see anything in Mongolian stores except liquor and candles.
With the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Cyrillic alphabet, which had been widely used, was in decline, and Mongolia was interested in reviving the Uighur Mongolian script, which was widely recognized by the public.
However, the phenomenon in China is really not optimistic, the unhealthy atmosphere in society has made many people infected with the vice of laziness and alcoholism, and more than 3,000 ** families in China are still in the privileged class, and the gap between the rich and the poor and the class antagonism make it difficult to start reshaping the culture.
Another reason is that since the Mongol People's Republic abolished the Uighur Mongolian script in 1946, the time between them has been too long, and due to financial or technical reasons, it has not been possible to regain historical recognition in a short period of time.
In addition, after the collapse of the Soviet Union, Mongolia, which had always depended on it, was also hit hard, and for many years afterward, it had no choice but to continue to use Cyrillic Mongolian, and it was not until now that the inherent situation has been reversed.
After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Mongolia was interested in finding a new economic system in the market, and at the same time, it also invisibly provided favorable conditions for the re-use of the Uighur Mongolian script.
In the ensuing developments, the Mongolian state** made several resolutions to restore the use of the Uighur Mongolian script, but the progress made was minimal, and the fatal obstacle was the people.
In 1995, the National Programme for the Mongolian Script was adopted in the Great Hural of Mongolia, but the attitude of the people on this issue was not positive, as the Cyrillic Mongolian script was used in Mongolia for 70 years at that time.
This also shows that although there is a tradition of using both Uighur Mongolian and Cyrillic Mongolian scripts on the seals of all levels, it is limited to this, because Mongolian citizens under the age of 30 know almost nothing about Uighur Mongolian.
It is undeniable that after 1980, a very small number of middle schools in Mongolia did offer Uighur-style Mongolian related courses, but the effect of promotion was not satisfactory and was always in a state of neglect.
Therefore, this is the same as the principle that "it is easy to go up the mountain, but it is difficult to go down", and the abolition of the Uighur Mongolian script was only a few simple words at the top level, but if you want to regain the application of this script, it will take the whole country to complete it.
In 2018, after the Mongolian state of Battulga issued the "Order on Strengthening and Expanding the Practical Work of Traditional Mongolian Language", the recovery of the Uighur language was finally taken seriously.
In March 2020, a good result was achieved, and on March 23, People's Daily Online Ulaanbaatar announced that the "National Outline of Mongolian Script" was officially adopted at the Mongolian ** meeting.
This means that starting from 2020, the first departments at all levels will cooperate and exchange in multiple fields such as culture, art and science in this context to enhance the use of Uighur Mongolian script.
If nothing else, the traditional Mongolian script will be officially reinstated by Mongolia on January 1, 2025, although it is very likely to be the same as Cyrillic Mongolian, but it also shows that the value of traditional Mongolian is once again recognized.
When this result was announced, it was indeed necessary to sigh that the Mongolian script had finally returned to the original point after several stumbles in reform, and at the same time, we could see the pain caused by blind obedience and inability under the influence of other countries.
Although on the surface this is a simple history of literary change, the re-introduction of the Uighur Mongolian script must reflect the weight of history and culture, and it can be regarded as a country that has finally raised its eyebrows and has the courage to regain its cultural roots.
Of course, the reintroduction of Mongolia's Uighur Mongolian language will inevitably strengthen its ties with China's Inner Mongolia, and the two sides have always had close historical roots, and the re-docking of the script will help to develop more possibilities.
In fact, in 1994, China and Mongolia signed the "Sino-Mongolian Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation", which also laid the foundation of the relations between the two countries, in the long river of historical development of friendly feelings, "distant relatives are not as good as close neighbors" will be a major support for the two countries to uphold the mutually beneficial cooperative relationship.
And from the perspective of geo-culture, Mongolia has been affected by multiculturalism at the social level for many years, but in fact, it is deeply influenced by the culture of the Central Plains with the Mongolian ethnic groups in China, and the development problems and advantages faced by Mongolia in the final analysis are basically the same.
It is undeniable that in the face of interests, Mongolia deliberately adopted the practice of "Orientalization" in terms of lifestyle and religious beliefs, but after the collapse of the Soviet Union and the Cold War, Mongolia did focus on foreign relations.
Especially in the rapidly changing world pattern, whether or not it can maintain friendly relations with a country that has the strength and is willing to help will be a key issue for all countries, and this is also the reason why Mongolia has fine-tuned its policy according to the situation.
You must know that China's rise has exceeded the imagination of other countries, and China's status as a great power has firmly occupied a place in the international community.
Perhaps cultural unification is a big step forward for Mongolia to take the "Chinese economic express train", and of course China will show a welcoming gesture towards this, after all, China has always been committed to achieving a win-win situation on the basis of equality and mutual assistance.
The hidden connotation of this sentence is actually very similar to China's development path, and China, which has now taken off, is the leader in helping itself to achieve common prosperity in the eyes of other countries
No matter what kind of history China and Mongolia have, focusing on the present and the future is the most important thing, China and Mongolia can be said to be geopolitical partners, and I believe that in the context of mutual cooperation, we will seize all opportunities and create more favorable conditions for the two countries.
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