Child Developmental Psychology
Sensitive period: The first period in the process of children's development
A variety of sensitive period behaviors
Chong Chong is 6 years old this year, and from the day he was born, his mother prepared a growth diary for him, ready to be used as a "** gift" for the child's 18-year-old. However, there is a special thing about this growth diary, that is, the child's performance and the mother's mood are recorded on the top, and the mother writes down the reasons for the child's performance with a pen of another color. Although it is a very hard thing to take care of children, every time I open this growth diary, a happy smile always appears on my mother's face.
My baby is so cute!It's been 3 months since he came into this world!I missed him for a while. Every day, I would hold a little toy in front of his eyes, and his eyes would follow the toy around. The child's eyes are really pure, black and white. I won't write it, I'm going to see the baby. ”
In the development of a child's senses, vision is the first to develop. The critical period for the development of visual abilities is in infancy before the age of 1 year. By the time the child is 3 months old, his eyes can already follow the movement of the forest, and he can fix his gaze on a certain object. Therefore, colors or moving objects can attract children, and these can promote children's visual development.
Who do you like?Two days ago, we slept with Chong Chong, and his dad grabbed my pillow and put it under his head, and Chong Chong pushed his dad away vigorously, muttering:"Mom's pillow, dad doesn't need it!"I was so happy in my heart at the time, and I was proud to squeeze my eyes at my husband!As a result, Jinpei made a 180-degree change yesterday. We went on an outing, and I took his father's hat and put it on, but I didn't expect to take the hat off my head and put it on his father. Now it's my husband's turn to squeeze his eyes at me.
In fact, it has little to do with who the child likes, but because he is in a sensitive period of order and is very sensitive to the sense of order of the owner of the object. Children need an orderly environment to help them understand the relationship between the various parts of the things around them, so that they can be more adaptable to the environment, act more purposefully, and find their favorite way of life after establishing a sense of order.
Chong Chong has become a "bad boy" today. When I went to pick him up from kindergarten, he actually said to me, "Bad mother, I'll kick you to death!".Hearing this, and looking at the child's serious expression, I don't want to mention how uncomfortable it is!
This is when the child enters a period of language sensitivity. When the child's language ability is further improved, he will find that language has power, especially words with strong feelings can produce the power to make others angry!So when a child scolds, he is testing the power of language. The best response at this time is to "calm down and don't react anything".
After Oki learned to walk, his range of motion increased, and he liked more and more things. Today I accidentally knocked over a small box in his room, and the contents were all "treasures" - shredded paper, small leaves, small buttons, soybean grains, ......Seeing that his "treasure" had been knocked over, he quickly rushed over, picked up these things one by one, and then carefully put them into the small box. This kid won't be the "King of Rags" in the future, right?But it's okay, it's a champion!
In fact, it is not that the child falls in love with "collecting rags", but that he has entered a sensitive period of interest in subtle things. During this period, the child begins to enjoy observing and collecting trivial things. If the cultivation of the child's ability to observe subtle things is neglected at this time, then the child will grow up to be a careless person;If the child is guided properly, then the child will have amazing observation and exploration skills.
This diary of Chong Chong's mother records the changes of the child from day to day. And the growth of children before the age of 6 can indeed be described as "changing with each passing day and advancing by leaps and bounds". Because at this time they are in a sensitive period after another, in which the child is driven by the inner life force, at a certain time, to concentrate on absorbing the characteristics of a certain thing in the environment, and to keep practicing it. With each sensitive period, the child's level of intelligence rises to a new level. Children's behavior in the sensitive period is diverse, and full of variability, ** sometimes it will be difficult to understand, when you can't understand, you might as well let go and give the child a relaxed environment, don't let him lose the special vitality that is only once in this life.
Montessori's Nine Sensitive Periods for Children
Montessori, a well-known early childhood educator, systematically observed and studied the sensitive period behaviors of infants and young children, and she summarized the sensitive periods that children will inevitably experience into the following nine types:
1.Sensory sensitive period.
This period is usually for children from 0 to 6 years old. From birth, children will use their senses such as sight, hearing, taste, smell, and touch to familiarize themselves with their surroundings and recognize the essence of things. Before the age of 3, children learn about their surroundings through their biological instincts3 6-year-old children can not only perceive things intuitively, but also analyze and judge things through their senses. Montessori uses a lot of teaching aids, such as hearing tubes, tactile boards, etc., to improve children's sensory sensitivity, which can better help children develop their own sensory abilities. When the child is in the sensitive period of sensory senses, parents can also prepare some teaching materials, such as pure and bright colors**, toys that can make sounds, and so on. When children are full of desire to explore everything around them, as long as they are not dangerous to themselves and do not violate others, then parents should try to meet their children's needs.
2.The sensitive period of the action.
This period is usually 0-6 years old. Motor development mainly includes two areas, one is the body movement aspect, such as walking, the sensitive period of walking is at the age of 1 2 years;The other is that the sensitive period is the movement of the hand, and this sensitive period is at 15 years old 3 years old. In the process of learning to Xi walking, children are very willing to keep walking, and at this stage it also causes the development of hand movements, because when the child walks, the hand catches. Studies have shown that children's brain development is inextricably linked to the development of fine motor skills. Therefore, the good development of children's hand movements is also very important for the development of children's intelligence. When learning to walk is the most lively and active time for children, parents should fully let children exercise to make their body movements correct and proficient, and exercise is also conducive to the balanced development of children's left and right brain.
3.Language-sensitive period.
Although children are not born to speak, they begin to learn language from the moment they come into Xi the world, so the language sensitivity period is 0-6 years old. When the baby learns to look at the shape of the mouth of an adult's speech and makes babbling sounds, his language sensitivity begins. It is very difficult for ** to learn Xi a language, but for infants and toddlers, it is easy, and this is the magic of the language sensitive period. During this period, parents should often talk and tell stories to their children;You can also use more "rhetorical questions" to strengthen children's expression skills. The average child is in 1If your child is still unable to speak at the age of 2 or 3, parents should take their child to the hospital to seek help from a professional doctor.
4.A sensitive period of interest in subtle things.
This sensitive period is usually 15-4 years old. Adults who are busy all day long often ignore the small things in their environment, but children can capture the beauty of them. Therefore, when your child picks up a strand of hair, or stares at a small insect in the dirt, do not interrupt him rudely, because the sensitive period of interest in small things is the best time for your child to exercise his observation skills and develop the excellent quality of attention to detail.
5.Order-sensitive period.
This period is usually 2-4 years old. Montessori found through observation that children in this period will be afraid because they cannot adapt to the environment, and even lose their temper, so children in this period have extremely high requirements for order, and their requirements for order are manifested in things must be placed in order, life Xi can not be changed, and everyone has their own items that cannot be exchanged. At this time, the child needs a familiar environment to help him understand things and understand the place where he lives, so he will be very sensitive to whether there are changes in the place where he is. As soon as his familiar surroundings change or disappear, he feels at a loss.
6.Sensitive period of social norms.
This period is usually 25-6 years old. At the age of two and a half, children begin to break away from their self-centered lives and gradually show a tendency to make friends and engage in group activities. At this time, parents should pay attention to helping their children clarify the norms of life and learn Xi daily etiquette, so that the children can grow up to be people who abide by social norms and can self-discipline.
7.Writing sensitive period.
This period is usually 35~4.5 years old. Montessori found that children's writing sensitivity precedes reading sensitivity. When children like to pick up a pen and paint, it is when the sensitive period of children's writing comes. When children enter the sensitive period of writing, they generally need to go through several stages such as poking and poking dots on the paper with a pen, drawing irregular lines back and forth, drawing irregular circles, and writing regular words. In order to maintain the child's passion for writing and improve the child's writing skills, parents must affirm and praise his writing behavior, and try to provide him with rich writing materials, fully mobilize his curiosity to prolong the child's time to practice Xi writing. In fact, if parents create a fun environment for their children to write, their writing sensitivity will appear earlier or explode more violently.
8.Reading Sensitive Period.
This sensitive period usually occurs in children 45~5.When I was 5 years old. Although a child's reading ability appears relatively late, if the child's various abilities such as language, senses, and movements are fully developed and explored, then his reading ability will naturally arise. At this time, parents can set up an environment full of reading atmosphere for their children and provide as many books as possible, so that children can develop a good Xi of reading and become knowledgeable people.
9.Culturally sensitive periods.
This sensitive period is the latest, appearing only when the child is 6 or 9 years old. Montessori pointed out that the germination of a child's interest in cultural studies Xi around the age of 3;But by the age of 6 or 9, there is a strong interest and a strong desire for ** things, at this time the child's brain is ready to receive a lot of cultural information, as long as parents can provide rich cultural information at this time, the child will quickly receive and internalize their own knowledge.