1. Inorganic antibacterial finishing agent
Inorganic antibacterial finishing agent has stable composition and broad-spectrum antibacterial properties, and is currently the most widely used antibacterial finishing agent in textile processingMetal nanoparticles, metal oxide nanoparticles, and carbon nanomaterialsWait.
1) Metal nanoparticles
At present, the common metal nanoparticles used for antimicrobial are:Nano gold, nano silver, nano copperWait. Among them, silver is considered to be a more effective antibacterial and antimicrobial nanoparticle.
toTexnology FCG002 Silver Ion Antimicrobial FinishFor example, the antibacterial finishing agent is composed of nano-silver compound, which can be widely used in the washable and long-term antibacterial finishing treatment of pure cotton, blended, chemical fiber, non-woven fabrics, leather and other fabrics, with an initial antibacterial rate of up to 99% and a washable performance of AAA grade antibacterial effect of FZ T73023-2006 "Antibacterial Knitwear" standard.
2) Metal oxides
Zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, copper oxide, iron oxide and other metal oxides have good stability and have certain antibacterial activity, and are often used for antibacterial finishing of textiles, and their antibacterial effect is second only to metal nanoparticles. There are three main antibacterial mechanisms of metal oxides: photocatalytic production of reactive oxygen species, metal ionization, and cellular mechanical damage.
3) Carbon nanomaterials
Various covalent bonds (sp, sp2, sp3) can be formed between carbon atoms, resulting in crystal structures with different physical and chemical properties, mainly including diamond, graphite, fullerene and carbon nanotubes, etc., but the effect of this kind of antimicrobial finishing agent is unstable, and there are significant differences in the antibacterial activity and mechanism of carbon nanomaterials in different dimensions, and their antibacterial activity is also affected by other factors.
2. Organic antibacterial finishing agent
1) Quaternary ammonium salts
Quaternary ammonium salts have the advantages of simple preparation, good antibacterial properties and broad-spectrum antibacterial, but some quaternary ammonium salt antibacterial finishing agents may cause toxicity to the environment and human cells after increasing the concentration, so they are not widely used.
2) Guanidines
Guanidine substances are easily soluble in water, have good sterilization effect, low toxicity and are easy to use. Its antibacterial mechanism is similar to that of quaternary ammonium salts, mainly adsorbed on cells through electrostatic attraction of positive and negative charges, thereby destroying the cell membrane, causing the cytoplasm to flow out, and achieving the purpose of killing harmful microorganisms.
3) Triclosan
Triclosan has a bactericidal effect on prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells, and its antibacterial effect is mainly through subvalent bonds, such as van der Waals forces, hydrogen bonds, etc., which bind to cells to block the formation of lipids, such as phospholipids, lipopolysaccharides and lipoproteins, and inhibit bacteria by stopping the biosynthesis of fatty acids.
However, studies in the literature have found that the use of triclosan increases the risk of cancer in humans, making it unsuitable for large-scale use.
4) Haloamines
Haloamines are considered to be the most effective antimicrobial drugs due to their good stability and broad-spectrum antibacterial properties, such as Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, yeasts, fungi and viruses. This kindAntimicrobial finishesIt will increase the load of chlorine on the fabric, resulting in peculiar smell and yellowing after fabric treatment, which is not suitable for large-scale production and processing.
3. Natural antibacterial finishing agent
In recent years, with the emergence of ecological and environmental problems, natural antibacterial finishing agents have received more and more attention in the antibacterial finishing of textiles due to their good biocompatibility and biodegradability.
1) Plant polysaccharides
Polysaccharides can be extracted from different types of plants and different parts of plants, and plant polysaccharides can interact with the cell membrane through hydrophobic, electrostatic adsorption or glycoprotein receptors, and plant polysaccharides can passively diffuse into the cytoplasm of bacteria through the lipid layer of the cytoplasmic membrane bilayer, resulting in the leakage of bacterial intracellular components and changes in the bacterial enzyme system.
2) Curcumin
Turmeric is an herbaceous plant of the ginger family, and its main active ingredient, curcumin, has direct broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity.
3) Allicin
Allicin is an oxygenated sulfide extracted from garlic, which is not easily soluble in water and has a certain volatility. Allicin has high reactivity, significant antioxidant activity, and high membrane permeability, allowing it to quickly penetrate different cells.
4) Chitosan antibacterial finishing agent
Chitosan is extracted from the crustacean exoskeleton by the deacetylation of chitinNatural cationic polymerizationthings, withBiocompatible, non-toxic and biodegradablefeatures: Compared to the categories mentioned aboveAntimicrobial finishesChitosan antimicrobial finishing agent (texnology chitosan).It has good applicability for finishing, antibacterial effectiveness, and durability, so it is inChildren's clothing, school uniforms, underwearand other textiles are more common in antimicrobial finishing.