The winter solstice is a very important solar term in China's lunar calendar, and it is also a traditional festival, and there are still many places that have the Xi of the winter solstice festival. Let's tell you what are the winter solstice Xi customs across the country, let's take a look.
As a festival, the winter solstice has a history of more than 2,500 years, according to records, the Zhou and Qin dynasties took winter and November as the first month, and the winter solstice was the first year of the new year. There are clouds in the Book of Han:"The winter solstice is yang, the monarch is long, so he ......"That is, people originally celebrated the Winter Solstice Festival to celebrate the new. The year is coming. The ancients believed that since the winter solstice, the yang energy of heaven and earth began to grow stronger, representing the beginning of the next cycle and the day of good fortune. Therefore, later Xi customs such as ancestor worship and family dinners during the Spring Festival often appeared on the winter solstice. The winter solstice is also known as:"Little years"First, it means that the New Year is approaching, and there are not many days left;The second is to indicate the importance of the winter solstice.
The winter solstice as a festival originated in the Han Dynasty, flourished in the Tang and Song dynasties, and has been along to this day. The first month of the Zhou calendar is November of the summer calendar, so the first month of the Zhou Dynasty is equal to our current November, so there is no difference between New Year's greetings and Winter greetings. It was not until Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty adopted the summer calendar that the first month and the winter solstice were separated. Therefore, it can also be said that it has been specialized"Winter Solstice Festival"It has existed since the Han Dynasty, flourished in the Tang and Song dynasties, and has been along to this day.
The Han Dynasty took the winter solstice as the one"Winter Festival", the government to hold a congratulatory ceremony called"He Dong", the official routine holiday, officialdom popular mutual congratulations"Bywinter"Customs. There is such a record in the Book of the Later Han Dynasty:"Before and after the winter solstice, the gentleman is quiet, the officials are desperate, do not listen to the government, and choose the auspicious day and then save trouble. "Therefore, the top and bottom of the court should have a holiday and rest, the army is on standby, the border is closed, the business travel is suspended, relatives and friends give each other food, visit each other, and have a happy time"Settle down"of festivals. During the Wei and Jin dynasties, the winter solstice was called"Ya Sui", the people should pay tribute to their parents and elders;After the Song Dynasty, the winter solstice gradually became a festival to worship ancestors and gods.
During the Tang and Song dynasties, the winter solstice was the day to worship the heavens and ancestors, and the emperor would go to the suburbs on this day to hold a ceremony to worship the heavens, and the people would worship their parents on this day.
In the Ming and Qing dynasties, the emperors had a ceremony to worship the sky, which was called"Winter solstice suburbs"γIn the palace, there is a ceremony for hundreds of officials to present congratulatory watches to the emperor, and they also have to throw stabs at each other to congratulate each other, just like on New Year's Day.
Northern. In Beijing, there is a proverb called "winter solstice wonton and summer solstice noodles". For northerners who have the Xi of "delicious is not as good as dumplings", there is also a common custom of eating dumplings and wontons on the winter solstice. Eating "pinching frozen ears" is the common name of Henan people eating dumplings on the winter solstice, and it is said that after eating, people will not be frozen off their ears in the cold winter.
However, people in different places call wontons differently, Cantonese people call wontons "wonton", Hubei people call them "baomen", Jiangxi people call them "clear soup", and Sichuan people call them "copying hands".
Gangnam. There is a folk saying that "one year older after eating glutinous rice balls". Eating rice balls on the winter solstice is a traditional Xi in China, especially prevalent in Jiangnan. Tangyuan is also called "soup ball", and eating soup ball on the winter solstice is also called "winter solstice ball". The "Winter Solstice Group" can be used to worship ancestors, and can also be used to give gifts to relatives and friends. In the old days, Shanghainese people were the most particular about eating soup dumplings. At the family feast, they try freshly brewed sweet white wine, flower cakes and glutinous rice flour balls, and then use pieces of meat on a plate to worship their ancestors.
Chekiang. On the day of the winter solstice in Zhejiang and other places, the whole family, men, women and children must gather, and the married daughter must also rush back to her in-law's house. Every household wants to make soba noodles to eat. Xi believes that eating buckwheat on the winter solstice can remove pig hair and chicken feathers from the stomach.
Guizhou. The Xi of eating dog meat on the winter solstice is said to have started in the Han Dynasty. According to legend, Liu Bang, the ancestor of the Han Dynasty, ate the dog meat boiled by Fan Hao on the day of the winter solstice, and felt that the taste was particularly delicious and full of praise. Since then, the Xi of eating dog meat on the winter solstice has been formed among the people. There is also a folk saying that "eat dog meat on the winter solstice and fight tigers in the next spring". Now in the north, Guizhou and other regions, people have eaten dog meat, lamb and various nourishing foods on the day of the winter solstice, because after the winter solstice the weather enters the coldest period, Chinese medicine believes that mutton dog meat has aphrodisiac complement effect, and the folk still have the Xi of winter solstice tonic.
Fujian. Winter solstice frost, moon light;Cypress leaf red, balls held. "It's a children's song about the winter solstice. "Ba Min Tongzhi" contains: "The glutinous rice in the early stage is a pill, which is precocious, and it is recommended to Zukao." This is the folk custom of the winter solstice twilight balls and the winter solstice early ripening "sweet balls" to worship ancestors.
"Rubbing pills" is exquisite, Jinjiang Shenhu, Shishi Xiangzhi, Hui'an Chongwu fishing village women, the speed of rubbing pills is fast, the first grain is as small as a fish's eye beads, which is amazing. At the same time of rubbing the winter festival pills, some small and delicate melon and fruit animals and gold ingots and silver treasures are also made with rice balls, which are commonly known as "being chickens and".
1. Eat roast meat on the winter solstice.
According to reports, on the day of the winter solstice, most Cantonese people have the custom of eating winter solstice meat with "vegetables". Among them, roast meat is an indispensable traditional food on the winter solstice table of Cantonese people. In addition to worshipping their ancestors, the whole family prepares a table of big fish and meat, bacon and sausages, and eats a meal with laughter and laughter, in order to pray for good luck and good fortune in the coming year.
Some Cantonese people also have the Xi of giving bacon to friends and relatives on the day of the winter solstice. To this end, each supermarket has carefully set up a thriving cured meat shop, which is full of all kinds of bacon, sausage, duck, ham, bacon, bacon, etc., not only in bulk, but also in bags, so that the public can take what they need.
2. Eat glutinous rice balls on the winter solstice.
Eating rice balls on the winter solstice is a traditional Xi in China, especially prevalent in Guangdong. There is a folk saying that "one year older after eating glutinous rice balls". Guangzhou people also have a Xi that at noon on the day of the winter solstice, they will make soup balls, and the family will eat them together to show reunion.
Traditional Chinese medicine believes that glutinous rice is sweet in taste and warm in nature, can nourish the body's righteous qi, and will heat up all over the body after eating, playing a role in keeping out the cold and nourishing, and is most suitable for eating in winter. It is worth reminding that glutinous rice is not easy to digest, and it is not advisable to eat more glutinous rice balls for friends with gastrointestinal efficacy and poor digestive function.
Eat 4 stuffed rice balls or 30 small rice balls with a diameter of 1 cm, with a calorie of about 280 kcal, which is equivalent to 1 bowl of rice, which is converted to a person weighing 60 kg, and he has to jog for half an hour or walk 15 hours to burn calories. Therefore, those who plan or are ** must keep their mouths shut.
3. Eat duck soup on the winter solstice.
The food of the winter solstice in Guangdong also includes duck soup. If it is said that before the winter solstice, it is suitable to eat angelica ginger mutton soup to fight against yin, then, after the winter solstice, you can choose duck soup to moisten yin and dryness, and calm the heat in the body.
The medicinal properties of ducks are cool, and its "qi" is relatively peaceful, for people with weak physique and yin deficiency, eating duck soup can play a role in nourishing yin. At the same time, the nutritional value and medicinal value of duck meat are very high, and the therapeutic effect is obvious. In addition to those with yin deficiency, the elderly, children, young and middle-aged people who are often tired and tired are usually prone to cough, colds and other respiratory diseases, and dry female friends can choose to drink duck soup often, and at the same time taste delicious, they can also nourish yin and moisten dryness.
4. Eat dog meat on the winter solstice.
The winter solstice is approaching, and the dogs and sheep are suffering. In Xi, dog meat, lamb, etc. should be eaten every winter solstice. Dog meat hot pot is very delicious, but people eat it on the day of the winter solstice, not exactly for gluttonous food. The "Compendium of Materia Medica" "Dog Meat" records: Dog meat is good for the five organs, replenishes injuries, lightens the body and invigorates qi, is suitable for the kidneys, replenishes stomach qi, aphrodisiacs, warms the waist and knees, invigorates qi, and replenishes the five labors and seven injuries ......Dog meat is not only tender and fragrant, rich in nutrition, but also produces large calories and has a strong ability to increase temperature and keep out the cold.
The Xi of eating dog meat on the winter solstice is said to have started in the Han Dynasty. According to legend, Liu Bang, the ancestor of the Han Dynasty, ate dog meat on the day of the winter solstice, and felt that the taste was particularly delicious and full of praise. Since then, the Xi of eating dog meat on the winter solstice has been formed among the people. Nowadays, people eat dog meat, mutton and various nourishing foods on the day of the winter solstice for a good omen in the coming year.
5. Eat sashimi on the winter solstice.
Qu Dajun's "Cantonese New Language" recorded: "Yanyun: Winter solstice fish sheng, summer solstice dog meat." At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the "Current Affairs Pictorial" contained "Cantonese praise" and said: "There are only two big meals, the winter solstice has eaten yusheng, and the summer solstice, there is the fragrance of dog meat." Dog meat is not eaten, and it is refreshing to eat juice. β
The book records: "Many Cantonese people have a fish life meeting. Those who come out of the water at the beginning of the fish are removed from the skin, washed their blood, and executed into pieces. The red skin is white, as light as a cicada's wings, and the two are compared. Wo with mulled wine, and with salt and pepper. The entrance is melting, and it is called Ganzhi. "It can be seen that the yu sheng is so delicious, sweet, and tempting.
Due to the intensification of environmental pollution, the risk of parasite infection should be paid attention to when eating sashimi, as well as the hidden danger of unhygienic cooking in the chef's operation process, so diners must go to a qualified large restaurant to eat sashimi, and it is best to eat it with liquor or mustard at the same time, which has the effect of sterilization and digestion.
In the old days, Guangzhou people had their own set for the winter solstice. Worship the gods, worship ancestors, feed consumption, eat glutinous rice balls, make glutinous rice, cut chickens and kill ducks and stew eight treasures. If the glutinous rice balls eaten on the winter solstice are salty, they are called "salty glutinous rice balls", which are filled with sand kudzu, pork, and dried shrimp, and served with chicken soup, and the taste is "elastic". In the countryside, they also give the cattle a meal of glutinous rice cakes, as well as rice juice, sake lees, radish, vegetable water, etc., to thank the cattle for their hard work and contribution for a year.
Guangzhou winter solstice to eat rice balls. Eating rice balls on the winter solstice is a traditional Xi in China, especially prevalent in Guangdong. There is a folk saying that "one year older after eating glutinous rice balls". Guangzhou winter solstice rice balls are also called soup balls, and winter solstice soup balls are also called "winter solstice balls". According to records in the Qing Dynasty, Jiangnan people used glutinous rice flour to make dough, and the bread was filled with fine bread, meat, apples, bean paste, and shredded radish.
The "Winter Solstice Group" can be used to worship ancestors, and can also be used to give gifts to relatives and friends. In the old days, Shanghainese people were the most particular about eating soup dumplings. At the family feast, they taste freshly brewed sweet white wine, flower cakes and glutinous rice flour and round horns, and then use pieces of meat on a plate to worship their ancestors. An ancient person had a poem: "Every family pounds rice to make rice balls, and knows that it is the winter solstice day of the Ming Dynasty." β
When I think of what to eat on the winter solstice in Guangzhou, I think that tangyuan is also a traditional delicious food in my country. There are also many famous rice balls in the north and south, such as Ningbo rice ball filling, thin skin, glutinous but not sticky;Changsha sisters' rice balls are white and crystalline, sweet and delicious;Wenzhou County Qianqian glutinous rice balls are exquisitely used, sweet and delicious, and are well-known delicious foods. Nowadays, in Guangdong, not only can you eat it on the winter solstice, but you can also eat glutinous rice balls all year round.
Guangzhou people are civilized, also traditional, language to Xi, ancient customs still exist. On the winter solstice, why do people stick glutinous rice balls to feed rats (feeding consumption)?According to legend, the first grain seeds were brought by rats from far away, so it was agreed that some rice should be left for the rats to eat every year when the rice was harvested. But in mythology, consumption is waste.
The waste recorded in ancient books is an evil ghost. He "lost his goods and emptied his storehouses wherever he went." Therefore, as Zhong Kui's story spread in the Tang Dynasty, the folk had the Xi of expelling waste (illuminating with lights), beating consumption (drumming to scare), and feeding consumption (giving food).
"Winter New Year" and "Fat Winter and Thin Year" are big proverbs that Guangzhou people have heard carefully. The winter solstice seems to be more important than the Spring Festival, and the battle is even greater than the Spring Festival. Now Guangzhou people spend the winter solstice, many families also make rice balls, chicken and duck, family members sit around, eat a sumptuous meal;There are also many people in Guangzhou who choose to spend the festival in the restaurant, reunite with their families, and let the restaurants of all sizes "shake the ruins". It's just that worshipping ancestors and worshipping gods is no longer available in every family, and "feeding consumption" is extremely rare.
There are also many folk proverbs related to the winter solstice in Guangzhou, "The night of the winter festival is the longest, and it is difficult to get the light of day";"Winter solstice radish and summer solstice ginger, eat at the right time without pain";"The sun rises on the winter solstice, and the cattle freeze to death during the New Year";"Winter is at the head, sell the cow to buy the cow, winter is at the end, sell the cow to buy the quilt" ......