After Brezhnev was in power for 18 years, after his death, who did China send to his funeral?——
On November 14, 1982, Zhongnanhai, ** suddenly instructed the staff around him to ask Comrade Huang Hua to make a speech at the capital airport before his special plane took off.
There are a few "vital words" in your hand. However, the staff around him told him that Comrade Huang Hua deliberately chose to take an ordinary flight in order to save foreign exchange for the country, and now he has taken off.
At this moment, Hu Qiaomu, the "pen of the Chinese Communist Party" and the secretary of the Communist Party of China at the time, happened to be present, and immediately asked Hu Qiaomu to draft a "conversation with reporters" in the name of Huang Hua and urgently send it to the Chinese Embassy in the Soviet Union.
So, what kind of important task did Comrade Huang Hua carry out so that he could urgently arrange this "talk" at the last moment?
In 1959, an unprecedented special exhibition opened simultaneously in New York and Moscow. Visitors had the opportunity to see the first model of an artificial satellite in human history, a behemoth nuclear-powered icebreaker, and the statue of the socialist worker behind these great achievements.
In Moscow, however, the enthusiasm of the Soviet masses was much more than the Americans imagined: instead of going the "high-end" route, the Americans went straight to everyday life, bringing jazz, basketball, high heels, abstract paintings, and luxurious American cars.
Pepsi presented its own products at the event, and the audience surrounded the company's booth. In front of advanced appliances such as refrigerators and dishwashers, which were unheard of at the time, American Vice President Nixon and Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR Nikita Khrushchev engaged in the famous "kitchen debate" in the exhibition hall where the kitchen was arranged.
The two leaders were so emotional that they even poked each other with their fingers to show their firm stance. This exciting scene keeps reporters busy, with spotlights and photo-taking.
The Associated Press reporter Saffir was trying to capture the moments of Khrushchev, Nixon and the state-of-the-art washing machine behind him to create a striking front page for the newspaper**.
However, a tall Soviet ** suddenly squeezed out of the crowd and stood between Nixon and the washing machine, successfully leaving himself with a positive image that stood out as prominently as the two protagonists in this historic **.
Although we don't know who this reckless Soviet is, he is clearly very good at seizing opportunities.
On October 14, 1964, at a meeting of the Presidium of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Khrushchev skillfully used the contradictions between Suslov and Sherepin, and was finally elected to the supreme leader of the Soviet Union, while holding other important positions for Khrushchev.
For exactly 18 years after that, Americans were troubled by the name Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev, the second-longest ruling leader in Soviet history.
The Soviet Union under Brezhnev was the "** era" when its hegemony reached its peak. When Brezhnev came to power, the United States faced an embarrassing dilemma in Vietnam.
He seized the opportunity to strengthen his control over the countries of Eastern Europe and signed "treaties of friendship and cooperation" with 12 countries, including Egypt, India, Iraq, Vietnam, and Ethiopia.
On September 4 of that year, a year before his death, the Soviet Union invited NATO observers to observe a military Xi exercise called "West-81" against them.
This unprecedented Xi came as a shock to Western countries: 500,000 troops and an endless supply of advanced T-72 tanks meant that the east of the English Islands in Western Europe could be occupied by Soviet forces within a week without the use of nuclear **.
In 1981, the Soviet Union had a staggering 32,049 nuclear warheads, far exceeding the 23,191 in the United States, and counting. At the same time, the Soviet Union also surpassed the wealthy United States in military spending.
However, in the nearly 20 years of global nuclear war panic, Brezhnev has been in the Kremlin, staring at the United States on the other end of the globe, changing one term after another.
Until November 10, 1982, he died of a heart attack at the age of 76 in his apartment on Kutuzov Street in Moscow.
The world was shocked!The supreme leader of the socialist camp has unfortunately died. For those countries and organizations that relied on the Soviet Union's economic aid, such as the satellite states of Eastern Europe, Syria, the PLO, etc., they sent heads of state or ** heads of state to attend the funeral, a total of 32 heads of state and 15 ** heads.
Considering the strong position of the USSR, this funeral must have been very grand. In order to ensure the smooth running of the funeral, the successor General Secretary Andropov needed to personally go through all the details.
Andropov has always been concerned about a major event related to the global political landscape, a major event that has brought shame on his career. The KGB, the Soviet intelligence agency, was regarded as the largest and most powerful intelligence agency on the planet, with an almost unlimited budget, and no secret could escape its grasp as long as the KGB wanted to know about it.
Andropov served as the head of the KGB for 15 years from 1967, and all the changes and internal affairs inside and outside the Soviet Union could not escape his eyes.
Under Andropov's leadership, a seemingly omnipotent organization failed to uncover an incident closely related to the struggle for hegemony between the United States and the Soviet Union – Kissinger's secret visit to Beijing.
In 1972, Nixon succeeded in becoming the United States** and visited China, a news that shocked the world. Because everyone understands that if relations between China and the United States are relaxed, the United States will be able to get out of the predicament of the Vietnam War more quickly and devote itself to recovering and confronting the aggressive Soviet Union.
The Soviet Union's economic strength has always been at a disadvantage compared to that of the United States, and the long-term arms race has brought enormous financial pressure to the Soviet Union, compared to the United States, which is much less stressed.
In 1976, the GDP of the United States reached 187 trillion dollars, of which 91 billion dollars were spent on military spending, which accounted for only 5%, while the GDP of the USSR was only 0$69 trillion, equivalent to only one-third of the United States, but military spending accounts for 17 percent, as high as $120 billion.
** The brilliance of diplomatic strategy is reflected here, whether the United States and the Soviet Union want to or not, China's position on the world political stage cannot be ignored.
Andropov was known for his pragmatism, and like Arkhipov, the head of the Soviet expert group on China's aid to China, he never said anything vicious about China, no matter how heated the arguments at the top of the Soviet leadership.
Now that Andropov is the new leader of the Kremlin, will he be able to take full advantage of this advantage?And how will China treat him?
How and who China will attend Brezhnev's funeral will have a direct impact on the importance of the Soviet Union in the future, and this will depend on the new leader in Beijing
The great man died, and Brezhnev's funeral will be China's second participation in the funeral of the top leader of the USSR. The last time China did so was on March 8, 1953, when a large high-profile delegation led by Premier *** traveled to Moscow to attend Stalin's funeral.
Due to Khrushchev's death and the refusal of foreign leaders to participate, it took nearly 30 years for China and the Soviet Union to usher in such an opportunity for "funeral diplomacy."
Thoughtfully, smoking cigarette after cigarette. As a great leader, his thinking was always thorough and thoughtful. China has made an important decision to shift its focus to economic development.
In the world pattern in which the United States and the Soviet Union are vying for hegemony, China is well aware of the importance of maintaining good relations with the United States, and at the same time recognizes the necessity of establishing friendly relations with the Soviet Union, which also belongs to the socialist camp.
Only through good-neighborliness and friendship can we create favorable conditions for the sustained development of economic construction. Brezhnev was not unaware of China's important position in international affairs.
On March 24, shortly before his death, he made it clear that the Soviet Union had never denied China's socialist system, fully recognized China's sovereignty over Taiwan, and opposed the "**" claim.
He expressed his willingness to hold talks with the Chinese side on the issue of improving Sino-Soviet relations.
**keenly perceived this signal and immediately instructed *** to react to it, "Don't turn people away". Two days later, at the first press conference of the People's Republic of China, the director of the Information Department said: China has taken note of Brezhnev's speech and stressed the need to look at the actual actions of the Soviet Union.
Andropov, as the chairman of the KGB, has never attacked China, and this is naturally in the context of *** needs to be considered. Now, Brezhnev's funeral has become the best opportunity for China and the Soviet Union to test the actual actions of both sides.
In the end, ** made up his mind and decided to send a high-ranking envoy to Moscow to attend the funeral, and the size of the delegation was such that it would be desirable to take the opportunity to directly contact the Soviet Foreign Minister and even hold a dialogue.
The founder of New China's diplomacy has passed away, and there is actually only one such candidate - Foreign Minister Huang Hua, who has worked under the leadership of *** for a long time and knows all the political patterns of the world well.
This will be the most senior Huang Hua sent by China after visiting the Soviet Union in 1964, first accompanied the vice chairman of the National People's Congress to the Soviet Embassy in China to offer condolences, and the eulogy once again mentioned the traditional friendship between the Chinese and Soviet peoples.
In order to seize the time when the new leader came to power and open up a new situation in Sino-Soviet diplomacy, he thought day and night, so after Huang Hua's flight took off, he also seized the last opportunity to ask Hu Qiaomu to write temporarily and draft an urgent speech.
In the early morning of November 14, 1982, the Chinese Embassy in Moscow received an urgent order, and before Huang Hua arrived, they handed over the printed transcript of the speech to the Soviet side.
When Andropov saw the A4-sized speech, his brows furrowed, and he immediately ordered the major Soviet newspapers to publish the report in the next day's newspapers.
On the same day, Chinese Ambassador Yang Shou was waiting for Huang Hua and his entourage in the VIP lounge of Moscow International Airport, but he waited for Soviet Deputy Foreign Minister Ilyichev. With a smile on his face, Ilyichev told Yang Shouzheng: "We have read the transcript of the speech, and it is very positive.
He then took out his manuscript and began to discuss with Ambassador Yang how to improve the wording.
The friendly atmosphere between China and the Soviet Union, which had been in place for many years, was once again presented in the VIP room. At 12:10, the long-awaited Chinese and Soviet reception personnel finally met the Huang Hua delegation, and Yang Shouzheng quietly made a brief report on the "airport talk".
Only then did Huang Hua know that he had returned to the airport to make a speech during his time in the sky. He took the manuscript and read it for himself, and couldn't help but praise it from the bottom of his heart: "Comrade Xiaoping's decision-making is really wise, and Comrade Qiao Mu's article is really good!"
The next morning, the common people of the whole Soviet Union learned from the newspapers that the Chinese side not only spoke highly of Brezhnev as "an outstanding state activist ....His death is a great loss to the state and people of the Soviet Union", and raised new expectations for the successor General Secretary Andropov.
Foreign Minister Huang Hua was courteous at the funeral on Red Square at 9 o'clock on the 15th, although his attendance was not high. The funeral was held at Lenin's Mausoleum, with representatives of socialist countries on the left and representatives of capitalist countries headed by US Vice President Bush on the right.
As a rule, no one other than a Soviet interpreter was allowed to enter. Foreign Minister Huang Hua, however, was listed on the first step of the left ladder with the heads of other socialist countries, and he was allowed to enter with four escorts.
In addition, the wreath he laid was placed in a very conspicuous position, which shows the special treatment that Foreign Minister Huang Hua received at the funeral.
After the funeral, Huang Hua and other foreign leaders went to the Kremlin's George Hall in the afternoon to meet with the new general secretary. Andropov shook hands with the other leaders, and each exchanged their usual greetings for 30 seconds.
However, when he saw Huang Hua, he held the other party's hand tightly and kept talking for three minutes before the two sides let go and said goodbye. Soon after, a Soviet *** immediately came to Huang Hua's residence and checked the transcript of Huang Hua's conversation with Andropov word by word with Li Fenglin, director of the Sino-Soviet Negotiation Office.
During his visit to the Soviet Union, Huang Hua received the highest courtesy from the high-level delegation. Out of recognition of the sincerity of the Soviet side, and also in accordance with the instructions of the Soviet side, he took the initiative to visit the member of the Politburo and Foreign Minister of the Soviet Union Gromyko.
Despite the fact that the first meeting did not bear fruit, the staff of both sides felt the sincere attitude of Andropov and *** towards Sino-Soviet relations. In order to pay special respect, before Huang Hua returned to China, Andropov invited him to visit the Soviet Union again"National Level Exclusion Zone"- Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center.
Huang Hua laid a wreath in front of the Gagarin monument, and the Soviet general handed him a microphone with the greetings of the Soviet cosmonauts on a mission in space: "We welcome the leaders from our great neighbor China, and wish you a happy stay at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center!"
Huang Hua responded: "Heartfelt thanks to the Soviet cosmonautical heroes for ......Return safely to our common planet ......!Andropov was a shrewd, calm and pragmatic leader, and immediately after he took over the helm of general secretary, he launched-for-tat, drastic reforms against the long-standing stubborn ills of the Soviet Union, almost like China's ***.
In 1983, the total value of industrial output in the USSR exceeded the annual plan, reversing years of declining growth and falling out of schedule. The total value of agricultural output increased by 5 per cent compared to 1982, and the market** also improved significantly.
However, after serving only one year and three months in office, such an outstanding leader died of a long-term worsening kidney disease, and this time, China sent Vice Premier Wan Li to attend his funeral.