Recently, many netizens have left messages in the comment area of csdn, gitee, and zhihu, whether to choose a monolithic architecture or a microservice architecture to build a system, here is the conclusion first, if it is a pure e-commerce, the architecture of the system is recommended to choose a monolithic architecture. Let's analyze the advantages and disadvantages of microservices and monolithic architectures.
1. What is a monolithic architecture?
Monolithic architecture is a traditional style of software architecture in which the entire application is developed, deployed, and maintained as a single, tightly coupled unit. In a monolithic architecture, all functions are implemented in the same library, using the same technology stack, and sharing the same database. The advantages of this architectural style include simplicity, ease of understanding, and rapid development.
Advantages of monolithic architecture:
Simple and intuitive:A monolithic architecture is a simple and intuitive design where the entire application operates as a single unit. This makes it relatively easy to develop, test, and maintain.
, easy to develop and deploy:In a monolithic architecture, all functional modules are in the same library, simplifying the development and deployment process. Developers can manage more centrally** and quickly develop and fix features.
High resource utilization efficiencyThe monolithic architecture is relatively simple to deploy and operate, saving some resources. This architecture may be more cost-effective for the team.
, easy to monitor and debug:Since the entire system runs in a single process, monitoring and commissioning become relatively easy. Problem location and troubleshooting are more intuitive, reducing the complexity of troubleshooting.
Monolithic architecture disadvantages:
, Scalability:As applications become larger, monolithic architectures can become difficult to scale and maintain, making development more difficult.
, Deployment Complexity:When a change or upgrade is required, the entire application must be redeployed.
, single point of failure:If there is a problem with one module, it can affect the operation of the entire application.
2. What is a microservice architecture?
A microservices architecture is a style of software architecture in which an application is split into multiple small, autonomous services, each of which can be deployed, scaled, and maintained independently. These services work with each other using lightweight communication mechanisms, often using RESTful APIs or messaging.
Advantages of a microservices architecture:
, Scalability:It is easier to scale different parts of the application without affecting the entire application.
, Independence:Each microservice is independent and can be developed, tested, and deployed separately.
, Fault tolerance:A problem with one microservice does not affect the other microservices, making the overall system more robust and reliable.
, maintainability:Microservices are decoupled from each other, making it easier to maintain and update.
Disadvantages of a microservices architecture:
, Complexity:A microservices architecture requires mature development, testing, deployment, and monitoring processes, as well as additional infrastructure and tooling support.
, the challenges of distributed systems:Distributed systems inherently present a range of challenges, such as network latency, data consistency, and transaction management.
, *Repeat:Because each microservice is independent, it also means that there can be a lot of duplication**.
, cost increase:Because each microservice needs to be deployed and operated independently, this can lead to some additional operational overhead.
3. Application
E-commerce has been developing in China for decades, and the number of SKUs of general e-commerce projects is about 10W, the number of users is about 30W, the daily activity is 100W - 300W, and the concurrency is about 2500. You can check out the table below
In addition, the monolithic architecture is simple and easy to understand, easy to develop and test, and can meet business needs more flexibly than developing an e-commerce system. Therefore, the monolithic architecture is simpler and more intuitive, and is suitable for rapid deployment of e-commerce projects.
Of course, both the microservice architecture and the monolithic architecture have their own advantages and disadvantages, and there is no absolute good or bad, depending on the specific application scenario and business needs, and more importantly, the complexity of the subsequent system and the difficulty of operation and maintenance.