Strigolactone (SLS) is a plant hormone with a wide range of biological activities that has an important impact on plant growth and development. In recent years, with the in-depth research on plant hormones, the regulatory role of SLS in plants has been gradually revealed. In this paper, we will review the discovery, biosynthesis, signal transduction pathways, and physiological effects of SLS, in order to provide reference for research in related fields.
1. The discovery of SLS.
The discovery of SLS stems from the study of plant growth regulators. In the 70s of the 20th century, scientists isolated a compound with growth-regulating effects called strigolactone from strigo. Later, through further research, it was discovered that this compound is widely found in various plants and has a variety of biological functions. Therefore, SLS has become one of the hot spots in the field of plant hormones.
2. Biosynthesis of SLS.
The biosynthetic pathway of SLS is not fully understood, but studies have shown that its synthesis may involve a range of enzymatic reactions. Among them, the key enzyme is cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYP711A), which is able to convert substrates into SLS with growth-regulating effects. In addition, some studies have shown that the biosynthesis of SLS may also be affected by environmental factors such as light and temperature.
3. Signal transduction pathways of SLS.
The signal transduction pathway of SLS involves a series of complex biological processes. First, SLS binds to the receptor protein, activating downstream signaling molecules. These signaling molecules may include transcription factors and protein kinases, which are jointly involved in regulating the expression of target genes. In addition, some studies have shown that the signal transduction of SLS may also be regulated by other plant hormones, such as auxin, gibberellin, etc.
4. Physiological effects of SLS.
1.Promotes plant growth.
SLS is able to promote the growth and development of plants. Studies have shown that SLS can increase the elongation and elongation of cells, and promote the growth of roots, stems, leaves and other organs. In addition, SLS can also improve the stress resistance of plants, such as drought resistance, cold resistance, etc.
2.Regulates flowering.
SLS has an important regulatory effect on plant flowering. Studies have shown that SLS is able to promote the formation and opening of flowers. In some plants, SLS may also influence flowering by regulating auxin distribution.
3.Regulates the development of seeds.
SLS also has an important impact on seed development. Studies have shown that SLS can promote seed germination and growth. In addition, SLS may also affect seed distribution and survival by regulating seed dormancy and germination.
4.Regulates immune response.
SLS also has immunomodulatory effects. Studies have shown that SLS can induce plant disease resistance and improve plant resistance to pathogenic bacteria. In addition, SLS may also affect plant-microbial interactions by regulating plant immune responses.
V. Conclusions. In this paper, the discovery, biosynthesis, signal transduction pathways, and physiological effects of SLS are reviewed. Studies have shown that SLS, as a plant hormone with a wide range of biological activities, plays an important role in plant growth and development. Future research can further deepen the biosynthetic pathway and signal transduction mechanism of **SLS, and provide more valuable information for research in related fields.