As a living organism, plants need vegetative growth and reproductive growth to maintain their own survival and reproduction. Vegetative growth refers to the development of cells and tissues by absorbing and utilizing nutrients in the environment, thereby increasing the size and forming functional organs. Reproductive growth refers to the generation and inheritance of offspring through the formation and reproduction of germ cells.
The following will introduce the growth process of plants in detail from two aspects: vegetative growth and reproductive growth.
1. Vegetative growth
Vegetative growth refers to the fact that the roots of a plant are grown from the radicle of a seed. When the seed germinates, the meristem cells of the radicle grow, so that the root grows continuously, and the fastest growing is the elongation zone of the root. The stems and leaves of plants are grown from the germ of the seed. The cells at the tip of the germ ** and grow, growing into a stem. At the same time, some of the cells differentiate into young leaves, which grow into the leaves of plants. The stems of dicots have cambium layers. Cambium cells**, grow, so that the stem gradually thickens.
1.Absorb nutrients
Plants absorb water and minerals from the soil through their roots, carbon dioxide from the air through the leaf epidermis and stomata, and energy through photosynthesis and respiration. Water, nutrients, and light energy are important conditions for vegetative growth in plants.
2.Cells** and elongation
The cells in the plant are carried out in a silky and non-silk manner, and the number of new cells is constantly increasing, resulting in an increase in the volume of the plant body. At the same time, the cells in the plant grow by elongation, allowing the plant's organs, such as roots, stems, and leaves, to continue to extend outward.
3.Tissue development
Cell differentiation and tissue development in plants are important links in vegetative growth. Under different environmental conditions, cells will continue to differentiate into different types of cells according to their own characteristics and needs, forming different tissues (such as xylem, phloem and vascular bundles, etc.), so as to achieve the diversification of plant structure and function.
2. Reproductive growth
Reproductive growth is when the plant grows to a certain period, it begins to differentiate to form flower buds, and then flowering, pollination, fertilization, fruiting (fruiting), and forming seeds. The flowers, fruits, seeds, etc. of plants grow. There are also some plants that do not bloom and bear fruit directly, but this still does not violate the growth laws of the plant. The process of human reproductive growth goes through the process of fetal pregnancy, development, growth, aging and even death, which is the natural law of human life.
1.Sexual reproduction
Sexual reproduction in plants is through the combination of pollen and egg cells, forming a fertilized egg and developing into a seed. With the help of pollinators (such as insects and winds), pollen is transmitted from the stamens to the flower column of the pistil, through the pollen tube into the anthers, where it combines with the egg cell to form a fertilized egg. The fertilized egg develops over a period of time, forms a seed and matures and then disperses to the outside world, thus completing the process of sexual reproduction.
2.Asexual reproduction
Asexual reproduction in plants is the differentiation and separation of a part of the plant body (such as a rhizome, stem, leaf, or flower organ) to form a new individual. There are various ways of asexual reproduction, including the spread and branching of rhizomes, axillary bud differentiation of stem nodes, etc. This method of reproduction is rapid, simple, and capable of producing a large number of new individuals under suitable environmental conditions.
The vegetative growth and reproductive growth of plants complement each other and together constitute the life processes of plants. Under the right environmental conditions, plants can continuously develop cells and tissues, increase their body size and form organs by absorbing nutrients and energy.
At the same time, plants can also reproduce in both sexual and asexual ways, producing offspring and perpetuating species. These processes need to be regulated and controlled by a variety of environmental factors such as light, temperature, water, nutrients, etc., to ensure that plants can successfully complete vegetative growth and reproductive growth.
The study of vegetative growth and reproductive growth of plants has important scientific significance and application value for improving crop yield, protecting the ecological environment, and exploring the laws of plant genetics.
There are two main aspects in regulating the relationship between vegetative growth and reproductive growth in agricultural practice
1. Prolong the vegetative growth period and inhibit flowering
For vegetables with vegetative organs as the edible part, in the cultivation management, we should try to prolong their vegetative growth and inhibit flowering, so as to achieve the purpose of increasing yield.
If the shallots are sown too early, when the seedlings exceed a certain size, the vernalization process will be completed during the overwintering process, and the next spring will be the sprouts and cannot form bulbs. Therefore, it is necessary to sow seeds at the appropriate time to control the size of overwintering seedlings, so that their vegetative bodies cannot pass the vernalization process to ensure that the vegetative growth continues in the second year.
The autumn bulb cabbage, in the month has begun the differentiation of flower buds, but can still form plump leaf balls, this is because the autumn temperature is low, the sunshine is short, the lack of suitable conditions for the flower to continue to differentiate and grow, so that the reproductive growth is forced to be in a long-term latent state, and suitable for the growth of low temperature leaf balls, can obtain growth advantages and grow rapidly.
In addition, according to the characteristics of the cultivar to arrange the cultivation season, so that it has a longer vegetative growth period in order to obtain a bumper harvest, such as in the winter temperature is low but severe cold in North China, Central China to choose strong winter cabbage varieties for autumn sowing seedlings, the second spring can not only avoid the phenomenon of unripe sprouts, but also can obtain higher yield.
2. Promote the transformation of vegetative growth into reproductive growth, and early flowering and fruiting
For fruits and vegetables with high-quality official as products, it is necessary to create a suitable environment for vegetative growth in the early stage of growth, and on this basis, create good conditions for turning to reproductive growth so that they can enter reproductive growth normally and achieve the purpose of early maturity and increased production.
For example, the seedling cultivation of beans and melon varieties can set fruit early and improve the early yield due to the short sunshine conditions in the seedling stage
The small plant collection of biennial vegetables is to give the conditions for turning to reproductive growth at the seedling stage, so that the plants can bloom and bear fruit in advance, and accelerate the seed breeding process.
【Fruit tree】Reproductive growth and vegetative growth, how to regulate, fruit trees have a good yield and a bumper harvest
Fruit tree planting.
How to effectively regulate vegetative growth and reproductive growth?To plant fruit trees, to regulate vegetative growth and reproductive growth, we are now taking nothing more than the following three measures:
One is that fruit tree pruning, pruning the branches of fruit trees, reducing and controlling the fruit treesVegetative growth
The second is to thin flowers and fruits, and carry out flower and fruit thinning during the flowering period of fruit treesReproductive growthto make adjustments;
Third, spraying biological growth regulators, such as paclobutrazol, is also for fruit treesVegetative growthTake control.
Fruit tree planting is a relatively mature industry for us now.
In the specific management of fruit trees, the regulation between the vegetative growth and reproductive growth of fruit trees, to achieve a reasonable distribution of nutrients, to promote fruit trees to bear more fruits, high yield, improve the quality of fruits, has a good effect, but also an important means for us to manage fruit trees.
1) Vegetative growth and reproductive growth are necessary conditions for the growth and reproduction of fruit trees, or plants, and the evolution and continuation of species.
2) Vegetative growth is the growth of the fruit tree, including branches, trunks, and leaves.
3) All the vegetative growth of fruit trees is reflected in the expansion of the tree, the spread of the canopy, the development of leaves, and the growth of branches.
4) Reproductive growth is the ultimate means for fruit trees, or plants, to reproduce and continue.
5) Fruit tree reproductive growth, including flowering, fruiting, flower and leaf separation, etc., everything that involves fruit tree fruiting can be called reproductive growth.
The regulation of our vegetative growth is first mentioned in the pruning of fruit trees, including winter pruning, summer pruning, and genus pruning, all of which are to control the vegetative growth of fruit trees.
Fruit tree pruningIt is an important means for us to regulate the vegetative growth of fruit trees.
1) The rational use of fruit tree pruning can control the development of the fruit tree, make the tree maintain a good growth momentum, increase the growth period of the fruit tree, improve the fruiting rate of the fruit tree, improve the yield, improve the quality, and so on.
2) Fruit tree pruning is mainly to control the vegetative growth of fruit trees, and is the reasonable distribution of nutrients in the tree body. It is necessary to ensure the normal growth of fruit trees. It is also necessary to ensure that the fruit trees bear large amounts of fruit and high yields, and at the same time can improve the quality of the fruits.
3) A fruit tree often has to estimate the yield and quality of a year from the beginning of winter, and pruning is an important means for us to control vegetative growth and reproductive growth.
In the flowering, fruiting, and young fruit stages of fruit trees, flower thinning and fruit thinning are carried out. The reproductive growth of fruit trees is regulated to achieve the purpose of high yield and high yield.
When we plant fruit trees, the ultimate goal is actually neededfruits。Therefore, the control of the reproductive growth of fruit trees is the ultimate goal of our fruit tree planting.
Regulating the reproductive growth of fruit trees is nothing more than increasing nutrition, doing a good job of pruning, ensuring the normal separation of fruit trees and leaves, and providing sufficient nutrients in the early flowering stage of fruit trees.
In the flowering period of fruit trees, thinning flowers is one of the means to regulate the reproductive growth of fruit trees. Fruit tree flowering belongs to reproductive growth, if the amount of fruit tree flowering is too large, it will consume more nutrients, and we do not need a fruit tree to have too many flowers, so in the flowering stage of thinning, regulation or reduction, fruit tree flowering, reproductive growth is too vigorous, resulting in a waste of nutrients.
Similarly, thinning the fruit at the young stage is also a means for us to control the reproductive growth of the fruit tree.
Especially in the young fruit stage, according to the growth trend of fruit trees, the yield of fruit trees is quantified by fruit, and the excess young fruits are thinned, so that the yield of fruit trees is matched with the growth potential of the tree body to achieve ideal yield and quality, which is our regulation of the reproductive growth of fruit trees.
In the vigorous growth period of fruit trees, or the young fruit tree stage, in order to regulate the ratio of vegetative growth and reproductive growth, or to control the vigorous growth of fruit trees, we also use biological growth regulators, such as:Paclobutrazolto regulate and control the vegetative growth of fruit trees.
I grow a lot of peaches, and I use paclobutrazol on the peach trees to control the growth of the branches and leaves of the peach tree.
Reduce the consumption of nutrients by vegetative growth, so as to achieve the purpose of giving most of the nutrients of the tree to the young fruits in the growth period. This is also one of the means by which we regulate the vegetative and reproductive growth of fruit trees.
However, biological growth regulators, after all, are an external cause, in the process of fruit tree growth, try to avoid the use, only when the growth of fruit trees is beyond the control range, and we have no effective means to control, you can consider the use of plant growth regulators.
For example, in summer, the branches of fruit trees are vigorous, a large amount of nutrients are consumed, and fertilizer is wasted, and more effective tree pruning methods can not be used, at this time, you can use biological growth regulators such as paclobutrazol to control the vigorous growth of fruit tree branches.
Use paclobutrazol, etc., rightFruit trees to control the prosperity, we must pay attention to the rationality of the amount of use, the amount of use is too large, it will be the fruit tree leaves in advance, resulting in the tree body is weak, not to mention the fruit, tree protection has become a big problem.
It is said that it is to regulate the vegetative growth and reproductive growth of fruit trees, and the fact is that we control the vegetative growth of fruit trees, so that a large number of nutrients are transferred to reproductive growth, so that fruit trees can be harvested, high yield, and quality improved, so as to increase our income, because the ultimate purpose of planting fruit trees is fruit!
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