Introduction: The Siege of Baideng was an important battle in Chinese history, and it was an important turning point in the relationship between the Han Dynasty and the Xiongnu. In this campaign, the decisions and actions of key figures such as Liu Bang, Mao Dun Shan Yu, Chen Ping, and Liu Jing had an important impact on the outcome of the campaign.The cause of the "Siege of Baideng" incident was Han Wangxin's rebellion. Han Wangxin was one of the princes of the early Han Dynasty, and because he was afraid of Liu Bang's suspicion, he surrendered to the Xiongnu and united with the Xiongnu to attack the Han Dynasty. When Liu Bang learned about it, he personally led an army of 320,000 to put down Han Wangxin's rebellion. In the process of conquest, Liu Bang was like a bamboo, defeating Han Wangxin's army and the Xiongnu's vanguard army one after another. However, because of the light enemy's rash advance, he fell into the Xiongnu's trick of luring the enemy, and was besieged by 400,000 Xiongnu troops in Baishan Mountain.
Baishan Mountain was an isolated hill with no water, food and grass, and Liu Bang and his army were in a desperate situation. Liu Bang was besieged in Baishan Mountain for seven days and seven nights, and there was no way to break through. He could only ask Chen Ping for help, hoping that Chen Ping could come up with a plan to save them. Chen Ping was one of Liu Bang's advisors, and he came up with a dangerous move. He asked Liu Bang to send someone to bribe Shan Yu's Yan family, and asked the Yan family to persuade Shan Yu to let Liu Bang go.
Chen Ping's strategy succeeded, and the Yan family said a lot of good things in front of Shan Yu, making Shan Yu believe that Liu Bang had many beauties, and if he didn't let Liu Bang go back, the Han Dynasty would send more beauties to Shan Yu, and then the Yan family would fall out of favor. After listening to the words of the Yan clan, Shan Yu ordered to unravel the corner of the siege, allowing Liu Bang and his army to escape.
After Liu Bang got out of danger, he immediately returned to Chang'an. He realized that his strength was not enough to confront the Xiongnu, so he changed his strategy against the Xiongnu. He adopted Liu Jing's suggestion, made peace with the Xiongnu, married the princess to Shan Yu, and gave the Xiongnu a large amount of property every year. In this way, the Xiongnu no longer harassed the borders of the Han Dynasty, and the two sides maintained relatively peaceful relations.
In the third year before Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty, Mao Dunshan invaded on a large scale and sent his subordinate Youxian King to fight until the Hetao in Inner Mongolia, Gansu, which was called the land of Henan at that time. After more than a month of troublemaking in the land of Henan, King Youxian evacuated the area. The invasion put some pressure on the Han dynasty, but relations between the two sides did not deteriorate further due to the Han dynasty's peaceful policy.
After Mao Dunshan's death, his son took his place and continued to maintain peaceful relations with the Han Dynasty. The Han Dynasty maintained peace with the Xiongnu through the policy of peace and proximity, creating a relatively stable environment for domestic development.
The Siege of Baideng was an important battle between the Han Dynasty and the Xiongnu. Through this battle, Liu Bang realized the strength of the Xiongnu and his own shortcomings. He adopted a policy of peace and proximity to alleviate the contradictions with the Xiongnu and bought time and space for the development of the Han Dynasty.
After the siege of Baideng, Liu Bang realized the threat of the princes and kings, and began to weaken the power of the princes and kings in order to eliminate the hidden dangers brought by the great feudal princes in the early Han Dynasty.