Nanming regime. After the fall of Beijing at the end of the Ming Dynasty, the Zhu clan established various regimes in the south. There are the regime of King Fu Hongguang, the regime of King Longwu of Tang, the regime of King Lu, the regime of King Shaowu of Tang, the regime of King Yongli of Gui, and the regime of King Dingwu of Han, among which the more influential are the regimes of King Fu and King Gui. On May 15 of the first year of Shunzhi (1644), Zhu Yousong, the king of Fu, was supported by Ma Shiying, the governor of Danyang, and others, and proclaimed himself emperor in Nanjing, and established the Yuan Hongguang. On the one hand, the Fuwang regime resisted the southward movement of the Qing army, and on the other hand, continued to exterminate the peasant army. In the spring of the second year of Shunzhi, the Qing army began to attack King Fu. There was a fierce party struggle and civil war within the Fuwang regime, and only the military department Shangshu Shi Kefa supervised Jiangbei, resolutely resisted the war, and defended Yangzhou. The Qing army captured Yangzhou, killed Shi Kefa, who would rather die than surrender, and slaughtered the city. In May, the Qing army occupied Nanjing and captured King Fu. The Hiromitsu regime lasted only one year before it perished. In June of that year, the late Ming officials, gentry Qian Sule and others supported Zhu Yihai, the king of Lu, to supervise the country in Shaoxing and establish political power. King Lu according to the Qiantang River natural risk, and the Qing army held for a year, until the city of Shaoxing broke in May of the third year of Shunzhi, and the king of Lu fled and perished. At the same time as King Lu supervised the country, the Ming official Huang Daozhou and the warlord Zheng Zhilong welcomed the Tang King Zhu Yujian to proclaim himself emperor in Fuzhou and established the name Longwu. However, instead of joining forces to resist the Qing Dynasty, the two regimes fought for "orthodoxy" and were incompatible with each other. The Qing court lured Zheng Zhilong, who had a heavy army, and after conquering Liangzhejiang, he entered Fujian and eliminated the Longwu regime. In November of the third year of Shunzhi, Su Guansheng, a Ming bureaucrat and others, supported Zhu Yu, the younger brother of Emperor Longwu, to proclaim himself emperor in Guangzhou, with the year name Shaowu, and only more than 40 days later, the Qing army captured Guangzhou and perished. At the same time as the establishment of the Shaowu regime, Qu Shiyun and Ding Kuichu, officials of Liangguang, supported Zhu Youlang, the king of Gui, as the emperor in Zhaoqing, and changed the Yuan Yongli. In the early days, the Qing army took advantage of its civil war to invade Guangdong, and King Gui fled to Liangguang. After that, due to the resolute anti-Qing generals He Tengjiao, Du Yinxi, Qu Shiyun and other generals, and with the support of the Dashun Army and the Daxi Army, the regime was maintained. In the thirteenth year of Shunzhi, Li Dingguo welcomed King Gui to Yunnan. In the fifteenth year of Shunzhi, Wu Sangui invaded Yunnan, and in the eighteenth year of Shunzhi, he entered Burma and captured King Gui, and the regime of King Gui, which had been supported for 16 years, finally fell.
Why was there a Nanming regime in history?
The so-called Nan of the Southern Ming Dynasty was added by historians, just as the Nan of the Southern Song Dynasty was also added by historians. These regimes were established on the territory of the original Ming Dynasty, but in fact did not meet the definition of a regime in exile, and it can only be said that the northern territory of the original Ming Dynasty was included in the scope of the Qing Dynasty, and was forced to move the capital and rebuild the regime. Just like the Song Dynasty lost its northern territories and was forced to move its capital, it still called itself Song and the Southern Song Dynasty in history, and did not call the Southern Song Dynasty regime an exile because of the relocation of the capital. Therefore, it is not strictly correct to call all the Nanming regimes a regime in exile. As for the Southern Ming Emperor after he was forced to flee to Burma, he met the definition of a regime in exile.
Why is the Southern Ming regime not counted in the history of the Ming Dynasty?
First, the capital of the Ming Dynasty had been captured at that time, and the capital occupied an important position in the rise and fall of a dynasty. For example, the Eastern and Western Jin Dynasty, the Northern and Southern Song Dynasty.
Second, the so-called Nanming regime is actually a straggler and a few local regular armies who pull a person surnamed Zhu to be the boss, and their own people are talking nonsense, and there are quite a lot of them, and Zhu Youlang, who can persist the most, was also captured by Wu Sangui from Burma to do it, and he didn't even have 10 years of peace, so he couldn't be considered a regime.
Third, the history of the Ming Dynasty that can be seen later was written by Qing Dynasty historians.