KhitanThe clan has always been thereChinese Historyplays an important role. AsXianbei tribeA branch, they merged with the Xiongnu and gradually developed into Yuwen Xianbei. In the Sixteen States andNorthern Wei Dynastyperiod, Yuwen Xianbei evolved into Kumo Xi, ieKhitanpredecessor. During the Tang Dynasty,KhitanBecome a powerful force in the north, frequently harassing the frontier. After the fall of the Tang Dynasty,KhitanThe powerful Liao state was established and unifiedDesert。After the fall of the Liao State,KhitanThe clan moved westward and established the Western Liao Empire, dominating the Western Regions and Central Asia. With the rise of the Mongols,KhitanThe clan gradually blended inMongolianand Han, disappeared inHistoryMiddle.
PassedMolecular AnthropologyWe can understand the identity and migration evolution of a people by detecting the genes of ancient human bones. In 2014, aSoftDNA testing was carried out on the tomb in Hang Ai province, and it was finally confirmed that the paternal gene of the tomb was located in the C2B1 position, which wasXianbei tribeof typical genes. Similarly, Fudan University examined the tomb of Yuanwei, a member of the Tuoba Xianbei royal family, and found that his paternal gene was also C2B1. In addition, many Xianbei tombs in Inner Mongolia have also detected the paternal gene as C2. Therefore, we can determine that the Xianbei paternal gene is C2. ConsideredKhitanYesXianbei tribeTheir DNA should not be much different from that of Tuoba Xianbei.
In 2015, researchers on the territory of Kyrgyzstan called themselves "KhitanThe tribe was tested for DNA. Of the 42 samples, 24 were from the C2 lineage, 11 were from R1A, and only 7 were from other gentypes. Considering that this was once the area ruled by the Western Liao, there are a considerable number of R1A genes in this tribe, which shows that they are related to the localityPeoples of Central AsiaNational integration took place. However,KhitanThe genetic testing of the royal family has brought people a surprise. KhitanScientists of the royal family, the Yelu clan, tested the tomb of Yelu Daoqing and another unknown Yelu tomb, and found that their paternal genes were N1A and N1B, respectively, while the maternal line was the same as Tuoba Xianbei and belonged to the D line. KhitanIt is surprising that the royal family has detected the N-line gene. However, when you think about it, it's not surprising. As early as 5000 years agoRed Hill CultureDuring this period, n-line genes were widely distributed in northern China. Jilin University: YesRed Hill CultureSix human bones were examined and four of them were found to be N-lineage, one C-lineage, and one O-lineage. This indicatesRed Hill Cultureof civilians have n-line genes. As the Yuwen Xianbei of the Eastern Xianbei have been active in the Western Liaohe River Basin for a long time, they have integrated with the local residents, and it is natural that many N-line genes will enterKhitanTribe. According to this example, we have reason to believe that the Wuhuan and Murong Xianbei ethnic groups will also have many N-line genes, but the main body is still the C2 line. Fudan University is also located in Northeast ChinaDaurDNA sampling tests were carried out, and a total of 207 people were tested, of which 29 were C2 genes7%, in the first place. There were 37 cases of O-line genes, accounting for 17%, which was the result of fusion with Han Chinese. There are also as many as 26 N-line genes. In terms of the maternal line, the D line is overwhelmingly dominant. This study shows:DaurProbablyMongolianwithKhitanThe fusion product of the family.
In addition to this, there are a fewHistoryRecords and archaeological discoveries have led people back toKhitanJerry withYellow Emperorrelationship. According to theJin Shurecords that the roots of Murong Xianbei can be traced back to the Xiong Miao descendants, who have lived in the Beiyi region for a long time, that isDonghuof one. And "Liao History: Taizu Ji Zan" records the origin of the Liao State: "The ancestor of the Liao State came fromEmperor YanHe is a man of the kingdom of Juji." In addition, the "Epitaph of Princess Yongqing" unearthed in Fuxin, Liaoning Province also claims that her country belongs to the descendants of Emperor Xuanyuan. All these accounts implyKhitanIt is possible that the clan claims to be a descendant of Yan Huang, but it is undeniable that this is only an attachment to orthodoxy. If the surname of Xi Zhou Ji is indeed trueYellow EmperorDescendants, thenKhitanJerod probably isYellow EmperorDescendants, or at least relatives.
According to the above genetic testing andHistoryDocumented,KhitanThe clan isChinese Historyon very importantNomads。They originated fromXianbei tribeand merged with the Xiongnu, and eventually evolvedKhitanTribe. The Xianbei paternal gene is the C2 line, inKhitanThere is also a high proportion in the family. However,KhitanThe results of genetic testing of the royal family showed that the genes of the Xianbei paternal line were different, but N1a and N1B. This may be because:KhitanThe clan has been active in northern China for a long time, and has merged with other ethnic groups to absorb n-line genes.
In addition, the ancient NortheastDaurIt has also been found to have a higher proportion of C2 line genes, which is also supportedKhitanThe relationship between ethnic groups and the ethnic groups of Northeast China. In addition, according toHistoryDocumented,KhitanThe clan claims to be descendants of Yan Huang, but this may be an attempt to cling to orthodoxy, and there is no conclusive evidence.
To sum it up,KhitanThe clan isChinese Historyon the important onesNomads, whose paternal genes are C2 linealine, butKhitanThe results of genetic testing of the royal family showed that the N-line genes were present. This may be due to:KhitanEthnic groups have long been active in northern China, where they have merged with other ethnic groups. KhitanThere is a certain relationship between the ethnic group and the Northeast ethnic group, but the specific ancestry needs more research and evidence to confirm.