The "Dark Triad of Personality" (DT) is a new term in psychology proposed from the perspective of evolutionary psychology, which was proposed by Delroy Paul and Kevin Williams in 2002. Since then, DT has created a storm of interest in academia and popular culture, spawning thousands of empirical studies, blog posts, and op-eds on the trio. “The "dark trio" includes: self-centered (narcissist), adventurous (psychological), lying, and ruthless (Machiavellian).
Ancient Chinese China has "Thick Black Studies", which vividly demonstrates the skills and methods of dealing with the world smoothly and flexiblyIn feudal court dramas, some key characters who struggle for power and profit often fit the dark trio;And the protagonist Frank in the American drama "House of Cards" is a typical dark trio character: he likes to play and manipulate others to achieve his own goals, and he is also ruthless to the people close to him, sometimes spiritual**, and extremely narcissistic. Archetypes of people with "dark personalities" are common in film and television dramas, and people seem to be full of curiosity and yearning for such personalities, according to a recent survey, 43% of Britons do find the concept appealing, and find it to imply confidence, passion and charm.
Narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychology** – this personality sounds like there are many layers, but emerging research paints a more complex picture. Here are five of the latest scientific findings that shed new light on the traits of the "dark personality."
A growing body of research has shown that the fourth dimension, ie:"Sadism", which should be added to the list. According to the latest research published in the European Journal of Psychological Assessment, sadism"Satisfied'Callousness or impaired empathy'standards", while also increasing"A unique element not covered by the members of the Dark Triad, namely the inner pleasure of hurting others"。
How to measure sadism?Psychologists offer the following seven statements as a starting point:
Watching boxing excites me.
I'm a big fan of violent movies and games.
I think it's funny when the idiot falls and his nose is bruised and his face is swollen.
I love watching violent sports competitions.
Some people deserve to be sinned.
For fun, I've said some mean things on social **.
I know how to hurt people with words.
People who identify more with these statements are more likely to exhibit sadistic personality traits. If you're interested, you can also search for "masochism".
A new ** refutes the right"Machiavellian personality"of the discourse. Those who like to achieve their ends through tactics, deception, and even manipulation are known as people with a Machiavellian-style personality. It sounds like a person with this personality is smarter than everyone else. And the researchers, led by William Hart, said:"People with a Machiavellian personality are considered masters of social strategy. However, studies have generally failed to support this hypothesis"。
To delve deeper into the association between Machiavellianism and cognitive ability, the researchers divided Machiavellianism into the following five sections:
Confrontational. Adversariality refers to the tendency to be ruthless, exploitative, selfish, and immodest in people who exhibit a Machiavellian personality.
Planned. Planning describes a careful, detail-oriented approach.
* type personality. Such people tend to show high ambition and a quest for power, which is one of the characteristics of Machiavellianism.
Strategy Manipulation. Strategy is the manipulative and exploitative tendencies exhibited by the Machiavellian personality.
A cynical point of view. The cynical view refers to the misanthropic view of human behavior.
Psychologists have analyzed the relationship between each specific feature of Machiavellianism and social cognitive intelligence and found that Machiavellianism is"Planned. "Traits can be ** higher for social cognitive intelligence scores, while Machiavellian's"Confrontational. "with"Strategy"Dimensions score lower.
A team of researchers at Johannes Kepler University in Linz, Austria, found that people who use dating apps are more likely to have personality traits such as narcissism and Machiavellianism, and less likely to have positive personality traits such as openness or gregariousness.
To arrive at this result, the scientists recruited 555 German adults to participate in a three-week follow-up study. Some participants installed software on their phones to monitor their daily use of the three most popular dating apps in Germany, while others self-reported their use of dating apps. The investigators asked participants to complete two personality assessments, measured separately"Big Five"with"Enneagram dark personality"。Big Five"It mainly measures general personality traits such as extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness"Enneagram dark personality"then measure narcissism (eg"I tend to seek prestige and status"), Machiavellianism ("I used flattery to impose my will") and spiritual** ("I tend not to care about the morality of my actions"and other personality traits.
The research team found that negative traits had a much stronger effect on dating usage than neutral and positive traits. Specifically, narcissism is the strongest indicator of whether someone uses a dating app, while Machiavellianism is the strongest indicator of average daily usage. Of the five traits tested by the researchers, emotional stability was the only one that was reliably associated with dating app usage, but in the opposite direction – people who were less emotionally stable were more likely to use dating apps.
New research published in the journal Personality and Individual Differences shows that narcissists prefer romantic companionship with other narcissists.
A team of scientists led by Marcin Zajenkowski of the University of Warsaw in Poland found what the researchers said in a sample survey of 150 heterosexual couples in Poland"Homogeneous mating"evidence – the tendency to enter into romantic relationships with people who have similar characteristics to oneself. Specifically, people who score higher on the narcissistic personality dimension tend to be with partners who also score higher on the narcissistic personality dimension, while those who score lower on the narcissistic personality dimension tend to be with partners who are less narcissistic.
Previous research has suggested that this relationship may exist, but this study provides stronger evidence.
The researchers noted"We confirm the hypothesis that narcissists are of the same kind, which is consistent with previous findings. Narcissists will look for a future partner who is similar to themselves, that is, self-oriented, not others-oriented. "Interestingly, the researchers found no evidence that narcissism was associated with relationship satisfaction. In other words, narcissistic couples are no happier or happier than other couples. What can be the satisfaction of a husband and wife relationship?How happy the partner is in the relationship.
A research team led by Zayenkovsky at the University of Warsaw found evidence that certain types of meganarcissists are particularly prone to believing that they are smarter than others.
The researchers recruited 232 Poles to participate in a face-to-face study. In the experiment, the researchers asked participants to fill out a personality scale that measures two forms of narcissism: arrogance and vulnerability. Macronarcissism is characterized by being interpersonal dominant, has high self-esteem, and tends to overestimate one's abilities, while fragile narcissism is characterized by adopting an avoidant, defensive, and overly sensitive attitude in social situations.
Next, participants complete a series of intelligence tests and answer a number of questions. People have different levels of intelligence, with low intelligence, average intelligence, and high intelligence.
As such, megalophilists are more likely to think they are smarter than others, although intelligence tests do not show a reliable pattern of intellectual superiority. As for vulnerable narcissists, no evidence has been found to support their belief that their intelligence is lower or higher than that of others. They did, though, report feeling more anxious when taking intelligence tests.
(Note: This article has added or deleted the original text).Original author: Mark Tr**ers Phd.
Translation: Yuetong.
Editor: Joe. Review: Tang Shi.
*：psychology today《5 recent findings about dark personalities》
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