As a folk custom, many families will set up dishes and chopsticks and ingredients during the Lunar New Year, and shallots are one of the essentials. This not only means "rising every year", but also indicates that the new year will be renewed and full of vitality. For many people, shallots are spicy and sweet, crisp and delicious, and are a difficult substitute for home-cooked dishes. 
However, the "shallots" in our mouths are not the only ones that contain them. According to the difference in growth cycle and usage habits, shallots can be divided into two categories, one is the green onion seedlings that are specially planted and harvested, and the other is the chives planted through the whole growth cycle. Among them, the cultivation of onion seedlings pays more attention to the harvesting of young shoots, the taste is fresh and tender, and the main market is its young seedlings. In addition to the young shoots, the green onion is also edible and needs to be grown whole to maturity. The northern part of our country is dominated by green onions, while the south is dominated by shallots. According to the data of the National Statistical Yearbook, the sowing area of shallots in China's main vegetable planting areas has risen steadily in the past three years, with an increase of about 10%, and the annual output of shallots in Jiangsu and Shandong provinces alone is as high as more than 1 million tons, and the planting density is in the forefront of the country. Among them, the typical southern planting areas are dominated by chives, while the northern part of the country is more often cultivated with onion seedlings, and young seedlings are regularly harvested according to market demand. The growth of shallots has harsh requirements for environmental conditions, and has a certain dependence on temperature, light, moisture, fertilizer, etc. Scientific research and farmer practice have shown that only by optimizing the growing environment can shallots thrive, blossom and bear fruit. 
The optimal temperature range for growing shallots is 15 to 25°C. If the temperature is too low, the shallots will die and the metabolism will be weakenedExcessive temperature will also accelerate water dispersion loss, which is not conducive to nutrient absorption. In addition, when the shallot is rainy for a long time or the sun is insufficient, the leaf color will yellow, which will affect the value of the product. Therefore, it is necessary to regulate soil moisture and build shading facilities to ensure the normal growth of shallots. In terms of seed selection, the shallots sown in autumn experienced a winter storage process, and the growth potential was stronger, and the yield was higher than that of the directly spring-sown shallots. Taking Jiangsu as an example, the yield of autumn-sown shallots can reach 150 kg per 667 square metersThe yield of spring sown shallots is about 100 kg in the same area. However, spring-sown shallots have a more uniform and green appearance and a higher market value, and many growers choose spring-sown shallots for higher profits. Therefore, according to the different uses and varieties of shallots, targeted sowing can be carried out in autumn and spring, and the key is to pay attention to the environmental optimization of the growth of shallots, especially the balance of water, temperature and light, in order to achieve the established yield and quality goals. 
This requires an organic combination of scientific guidance and farmers' experience. Sowing shallots is a delicate task that requires patience and wisdom from the farmer's patience and wisdom, from choosing the planting site to measuring the spacing, each step of the process directly affects the final yield and quality. When choosing a plot, experienced farmers will deliberately observe that the soil texture is the most suitable for the growth of shallots, with high nitrogen content and strong water and fertilizer retention capacity. Next, they carefully remove the weeds and crush the clods to create a fertile and loose planting base. In some places, farmers even set up shade nets around the plots to avoid overheating in the hot summer. When planting, they carefully calculate the spacing to ensure that the row spacing is between 30-40 cm, the plant spacing is controlled at 8-10 cm, and the density is moderate. It will also be slightly adjusted for different varieties. 
For example, chives like to grow in groups, and the plant spacing can be denser;The green onion seedlings can be appropriately thinned for harvesting. In addition, the use of mechanized sowing can ensure even spreading, no less than one grain. Finally, in order to develop strong seedlings, farmers will carry out the first watering and fertilization 3-5 days after the new germination, and add nitrogen fertilizers such as urea to promote root development. When it grows to 3 true leaves, interpolation is carried out. Water every 7-10 days to ensure adequate hydration. In this way, we can obtain green onion seedlings with high survival rate and uniform and neatness. In the production of shallots, a reasonable watering and fertilization strategy is the key to obtaining abundant yields. The abundant water and nutrients in the soil flow like blood through the "blood vessels" of shallots, and are transported to the leaves and rhizomes for vigorous growth. For onion seedlings, the soil moisture is ensured in the initial germination stage, and the first round of fertilization begins after 3 true leaves. At this time, nitrogen fertilizers, such as urea or ammonia, are mainly added, and 4-5 kg per 667 square meters are applied to promote leaf growth. 
After about half a month, the second round of fertilization is carried out, and a small amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is added in addition to nitrogen fertilizer to supplement the total elements. After that, fertilizer is added every 15 days or so. Batch topdressing can reduce waste and avoid "growing fertilizer". For chives, the growth cycle is as long as 7-8 months, and the demand for water and fertilizer is more vigorous. In dry climates, it is necessary to increase the frequency of watering, 3-4 times a month. In terms of fertilization, the key fertilization node was the shallot sprouting stage, and a large amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be added during this period to promote the development of shallot sprouts. In addition, appropriate supplementation of calcium-ammonium fertilizers can help chlorophyll formation and whitening and firmness. It is estimated that the total cost of watering and fertilizing chives accounts for about 50% of the production cost, so it requires precise input and management. It can be said that the high yield and high quality of shallots depend on the smoothness and optimization of the "meridian" system of watering and fertilization. Only by activating the metabolism of shallots on time and allowing nutrients to be integrated into the body, can shallots quickly accumulate nutrients, grow vigorously, and have high quality and high price. 
This is also a living knowledge of accumulation and practice.