Dong Huaijin, male, 80 years old.
Investigation location: Room 201, Building 10, Hehua New Garden, Xiongzhou Town.
Survey date: 6 July 2005.
Investigators: Ye Ming, Wang Xiaoyan.
I was 12 years old when the Japanese came, and I lived in Qianjie in Liuhe County, with my grandparents, parents, an older brother, two younger sisters, and a younger brother. My father was a teacher and he was the founder of the Six in One. The first time the Japanese entered Liuhe was in October 1937, when my family moved to Chengqiao, where my grandmother's maiden name was Xi. At that time, the eldest brother was gone, and the second brother, grandmother and I stayed at Chengqiao Xi's house. I remember that Chengqiao had a rich man, and when the Japanese came, he put incense on the table to welcome the imperial army. Next door to Xi's house is the Weng family, and the house is very nice. One night I hid in my house, and I saw Japanese devils through the crack in the door, and in the evening, the house next door made many women for Japanese adultery, and the women's cries could be heard, and the next day many women threw themselves into the river and died. We didn't dare to stay here any longer, so we ran to our own field about seven or eight miles away from Chengqiao.
Before the Japanese came, there was a retreat ** passing by Chengqiao, I remember that it was from the Jiangyin Fortress Headquarters, and the military uniform was very beautiful, as if it was blue. I heard that after they arrived in the countryside, they took off their military uniforms and changed them into the clothes of ordinary people, and there were many guns in Chengqiao River at that time, and I heard that they were later fished away by bandits.
I saw fires in Guoying and Zhangying, along the highway from Chengqiao to Zhuzhen, and the people were terrified and thought that the Japanese army had burned down their houses. Farmers from several nearby villages fled with cattle and donkeys. My family also ran quickly, when the younger brother was less than 1 year old and the elder brother was 14 years old, the elder brother carried the younger brother on his back and ran with him. Later, after a while, seeing that the devil didn't move, we came back. You can buy some things to eat, but it is a little difficult to buy, and the price has not risen much. At that time, we used Kuomintang money, fiat currency and silver dollars. After the Japanese army was stationed, there was not enough fiat currency, and stamps were also used as money, and we also used cellophane to protect the stamps.
He lived in the countryside for about a year, and when Qinghuang handed over the second year, there was no one in the county seat, and later Li Zongren's troops were stationed in Liuhe. How do you know that it is Li Zongren's troops?After returning from the countryside, I once went to school and walked to Nanmen Street, and saw a person in military uniform coming in front of me, and I heard that Li Zongren had come to Liuhe. Later, the Japanese called again, and Li Zongren's troops withdrew. On my field, I could see the fire in the city, and the Japanese burned down people's houses. Later, Li Zongren's troops came again and started a tug-of-war with the Japanese army.
When the Japanese came, my brother was in the sixth grade, and I was in the fifth grade, and then my grandfather brought us back from the countryside to study at Liuhe Elementary School. On April 27 of the following year, I was in class when Japanese planes came to bomb Liuhe City for the first time. I saw that the Japanese planes that dropped the bombs were small fighters with red suns on the tail of the planes, and some of the bombs were dropped on the west gate. The teacher didn't let us go casually, and after the plane was blown up, we left, and my grandfather took us home, quickly packed our clothes, and ran to Saigo again. On the way, Japanese planes came many times and strafed pedestrians, and I was hiding in the woods. Cheng Qiao was also blown up, and one of my distant cousins, surnamed Zhang, nicknamed "Fanzi", was killed by a machine gun. I heard that the Japanese soldiers who entered Liuhe City for the first time were transferred from the northeast, and they were very cruel and their marksmanship was relatively accurate. At that time, there were no people on the streets of Liuhecheng, but there were also some people who did not escape, and they ran away quickly when they saw the devil, and the Japanese shouted to him, he was afraid or ran quickly, ran far away, and was still shot and killed by the devil.
The second time my family ran back to Xixiang, probably in the fall of 1938 back to the city, the devil was more powerful at the beginning, and after a period of time, the people were settled, and there was no **only maintenance at that time. At that time, only church schools were open, and I attended the American-run Guangming Elementary School, where I was in the sixth gradeYizhi Middle School in Xiaobeimen is also a church school. Church schools are not controlled by the Japanese, so they don't study Japanese at first. At that time, it was necessary to enter and exit the city gate with a certificate of good citizenship, and children did not have a certificate of good citizenship. The certificate of good citizenship is a card with ** on it and a plastic case on the outside. When entering and exiting the city gate, we had to salute the Japanese, and we did not leave the city easily. In the beginning, we used the old fiat currency, silver dollars, and later used Wang's fake reserve coupons, and the Japanese had military tickets.
When I was a student at Liuin-1, I learned that the Japanese had shot and killed many people under a sentry box. Later, when I was teaching in No. 1 Middle School, I once dug a biogas pit and found a lot of bones. I also heard that a New Fourth Army entered the city and was found by the Japanese, who was carrying a gun and was wounded by the Japanese at the south gate. The devil deliberately makes trouble when someone else is newly married, and we are very scared when we hear the sound of the devil's leather shoes. There are devils who eat and get drunk during the festival, and we are afraid that they will go crazy with alcohol. I didn't dare to go out at night, and the situation was slightly better after the establishment of the pseudo-**.
The Japanese army was initially stationed at Ximen (now Liuhezhong), and after the outbreak of the Pacific War in 1941, some church property was occupied by the Japanese. Later, the Japanese army was stationed at Guangming Primary School (now Liuhe Hotel), near the back garden of my house. I started learning Japanese when I was in high school, and when Japan was about to surrender, I heard the Japanese read out the Emperor's edict, and after reading it, I heard Japanese soldiers crying. I guess Japan is about to surrender, but I don't dare to say it.
My father's name is Dong Zhuli, a graduate of Beijing Normal University, and he is Weng Wenhao's protégé, who has spent a year in Japan and understands Japanese. He was the director of the National ** Liuhe County Education Bureau, and his academic qualifications were still relatively high at that time. During the Anti-Japanese War, he was sick and did not leave, and the county magistrate of Wang Pseudo** asked him to be the head of the education section, but my father refused to do it. In 1942, the pseudo-county middle school was established, and a colleague of my father, Xie Zhimei, became the first principal of the pseudo-county middle school, and my father was only a teacher. When the New Fourth Army came, one of my father's students was the head of the Education Section of the Second Division of the New Fourth Army, and he was asked to be the principal of Liuhe County Middle School. Later, the Kuomintang came again, because his father became the principal of the county middle school controlled by the New Fourth Army, and punished him for not holding public office for three years. After the liberation in 1949, his father became the first principal of the six-in-one middle school.
Kaneo Ito photographed the corpses of citizens killed by Japanese soldiers on the bank of the trench outside the walls of Nanjing. "Ito Kan Nan ** Collection", the collection of the Memorial Hall of the Compatriots Killed in Nanjing, the Japanese Army Invaded China
This article is excerpted from:
The Battle of Songhu and the Great University of Nanjing, which are in the collection of the Yenching Library of Harvard University in the United States
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