Rudaki, the founder of Persian literature, founded the foundation of Persian classical poetry
Iran is one of the crossroads between the East and the West, located in West Asia, and is the key point of traffic between the East and the West, with a cultural history of four or five thousand years. Medieval Iran refers to the countries of Central Asia, including Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, and Tajikistan, where Persian is widely spoken on the Iranian plateau.
Overview of Medieval Iranian Literature.
Iran (renamed Iran in 1935) is one of the world's leading countries in ancient culture.
The Land of Poetry. reputation. From.
Century to. century, Persian literature went through a long time.
During the years, eight great poets such as Rudaki, Ferdasi, Qayam, Saadi and Hafez emerged. Their achievements shook the past and captured the world's attention. Religiously, ancient Persia believed in Zoroastrianism (also known as Zoroastrianism, Zoroastrianism, etc.), the core of which was the dualism of good and evil. The founder of the religion, Zoroaster, known in the ancient Avestan language as Zaratustra, was a well-known oriental sage whose name meant it.
Yellow camel. Or.
Camel driver"。
Zoroastrianism worships the supreme Mother Goddess Ahura Mazda (ahura
Mazda), who thinks that the fire is her son, is.
The flame lit during the ceremony"。They think,"Fire symbolizes God's absolute and supreme goodness with its purity, brightness, brightness, brightness, sharpness, whiteness, productivity, etc"。Fire is.
God's highest and most powerful creation"。Ahura Mazda is the god of light, who, together with the sacred fire, is the origin and representation of good in the universe. Opposing him is Angela Manu, the god of darkness. In the conflict between light and darkness, good and evil, human beings have the freedom to determine their own destiny. Thus, Zoroastrianism is characterized by a theological monism and a philosophical dualism of good and evil, and its teachings have influenced some schools of **, Manichaeism, Gnosticism, and Greek philosophy.
It was developed during the Sui and Tang dynasties in China. Avesta is a Zoroastrian holy text, which Zarathustra translates.
Knowledge"、"Oracle.
Or the classics, also translated as.
Persia**", is a collection of Persian history and culture, preserving many ancient legends, folk songs, and epic passages. It is a summary of Persian history and culture. It is said that the "Avisto" was written in.
10,000 sheepskins, but unfortunately burned during Alexander's conquest of Iran, only one volume remains. Later generations traced and recreated the existing "Avista".
Historically, the rise of the Persian Empire began with BC.
550 years during the reign of Cyrus. King Cyrus' successor, Darius, worked hard to bring the Persian Empire to its zenith, which at that time covered the entire Western world and a vast area of the East. Darius declared Zoroastrianism the state religion. BC.
In 331, Alexander the Great conquered Iran and became one of the largest empires in the East. Subsequently, the ancient Persian state experienced different periods of rise and fall, with notable dynasties such as the Saba, Sassanid, Samand, and later.
Century of the Seljuk Empire.
The Persian Empire has invaded Greece and other neighboring countries many times throughout its history, and has been invaded and ruled by Macedonians, Arabs, and Mongols. For example, 7
In the middle of the century, in.
Holy war. Under the banner of Iran, it was bathed in flames and swords by Arab rulers and ruled for two centuries, with the Arab caliph becoming the religious and political leader of the time, and Islam triumphing over Zoroastrianism. Medieval Persian literature is a glorious page in the history of world literature. Classical Persian literature is dominated by poetry. The world of poetry is full of beautiful colors and famous writers. From.
Century to. In the century, Iran, as a great meeting point of Eastern and Western cultures, gave birth to world-famous poets such as Rudaki, Ferdavisi, Omar, Qayam, Naizami, Sadi, Moravi, Hafez, etc., whose poems are full of oriental colors and styles, and they have inlaid magnificent and charming gems for the crown of world literature one after another. The great German poet Goethe was.
World Literature. He was deeply impressed by Iran, an ancient land on the Eastern Silk Road, famous in his later years.
Poetry of the West and the East. He fell in love with Iran, the land of poetry. Iran is located along the main Eurasian traffic route. With his rich experience and sensitivity to poetry, Goethe understood the universal unity and diversity of the human spirit from the charm of Persian poetry, and realized that the literature of all countries in the world influences, penetrates and blends with each other in the general direction of development.
The father of poetry - Rudaki.
Rudaki was the founder of Persian classical literature and laid the foundation of Persian classical poetry. The great Middle Eastern poet's full name was Abd al-Jafar ibn Muhammad al-Rudaki, A.D.
Born in 850 in the mountain village of Rudak in the Samarkand region of Tajikistan, he was the son of a poor peasant father. Rudaki has been blind since childhood. However, he was very intelligent and had an excellent singing voice, and was said to be able to recite the Quran at the age of eight. During the reign of Naxalite in the Samanid dynasty, his reputation as a poet was far and wide, and he was invited to the court as a court poet, where he was deeply loved by the king. He is called.
Rudakman. Or.
Rudaki"。Rudaki was ambitious at court, and his poems were rewarded with large sums of money, and he became rich ever since. Legend has it that the ancient scholar Aoife said:"He has.
slaves and. Head camel. He traveled everywhere and lived a life of pleasure. In his later years, due to frequent wars and the disgrace of the court, Rudaki returned to his hometown, begging for a living, and finally died in poverty. Rudaki was a prolific writer. According to.
The statement of the century poet Rashidi Samar Gandhi and the scholar Ophel, he wrote:
Volume poems and. 10,000 poems, but not the poems that have been handed down.
Head. His masterpieces include "Wamik" and "Azra", the long narrative poems "Al-Khalil" and "Desmouni", "Sinboda", "Ode to Wine" and "Singing Twilight". As the father of Persian poetry, Rudaki was to English literature as important as Chaucer was to English literature. Rudaki is known for.
Polyphonic nightingale", who shaped the major forms and genres of classical Persian poetry, such as lyric poetry, odes, quatrains, diptychs, and narrative poems. His poems deal with beauty, youth, wine, philosophy, life, nature, and more. With his profound thoughts, vivid images, harmonious rhythms, and beautiful and natural lyricism, he created a generation of magnificent and colorful Persian poetry. Rudaki's lyric poems had a profound influence on later generations and are called.
Rudaki style"。In the following poem you can see a point about his lyrical style:
The following phrases appear in the poem.
I kissed her passionately twice. What kind of kiss?
Kiss your moist lips.
Is that the lips?No, it's not.
Carnelian. What red agate?
Sweet as honey.
Rudaki is the founder of the Persian word Ode and the four-line alphabet.
His masterpiece "Ode to Wine" is a masterpiece of odes. The whole poem is long.
line, in a single rhyme, but without a eulogy. The poem.
It is one of the oldest and most complete Persian hymns, beautifully written, praised the past and the present, rich in metaphors but not reluctant, and rich in rhetoric without being clumsy"。In the ode to "Dusk", the poet begins with an astonishing statement:"My teeth were falling out, and I knew for the first time that I used to have a row of shining lights"。The poet's youthful memories are full of twilight sadness and melancholy, which is a deep and moving emotion. Rudaji's simple rhythmic quatrains show his love of life and optimistic spirit, and in the following quatrain describing beautiful women, his majestic and charming Persian poetic conception can be even more reflected:
When she lifted her veil and covered the two tulips.
The sun and moon shyly covered their faces with cloaks.
I liken his soft chin to an apple.
But no nation has ever seen an apple spit out a refreshing musk.
In addition to lyric poems, odes, and quatrains, Rudaki also manages to express wise thoughts and philosophical experiences in short and concise couplets such as:
A lover's kiss is like salt water -- the more you drink, the thirstier you get.
And. The wise yearn for goodness and peace, and the fool yearns for strife and war. The wise yearn for goodness and peace
Fools yearn for discord and war.
Wait a minute. Rudaki was an optimist and liberal thinker who believed that the perfect person should be.
Healthy, sane, temperate and respectable"。
The ups and downs of life have endowed the poet with rich social experience, wisdom and profound life insights, and his poems cover passion and philosophy, joy and sorrow, trust and doubt, reality and ideals. What is especially commendable is that he defended.
Science, knowledge and reason", courageously standing up for justice, rejecting the strong and nurturing the weak, there are occasional deep reflections in his works, such as his rebuke of mediocre rulers.
Always stick out your ears to listen to sweet songs", and ignored.
The song of the oppressed"。The groans of the oppressed.
The rich are revealed.
The table was full of meat and fine almonds", and the poor.
Hardly anything to eat, not even barley bread is hard to buy"。
In the history of Persian literature, Rudaki is a representative of the style of Khorasan poetry, which is characterized by natural harmony, concise expression, lack of orchestration, and the rarely use of Arabic words in poetry. In the history of Persian poetry, he made important contributions to the development of Persian poetry, making breakthroughs in the content of thought, poetic themes and language style. The history of Persian literature honorifies him as him.
The King of Poets", whose influence has edified generations of writers. Rudaki was the spring cuckoo of Persian literature, in A.D.
Century to. Century of medieval Iran, he brought poetry.
Renaissance", an era of a hundred flowers blooming and a hundred schools of thought contending.