Vietnamese literature has a deep relationship with Chinese classical literature, and there is a cultural bond between literature
Located in the Red River Delta region of Southeast Asia, Vietnam was one of the important countries in the medieval Chinese cultural circle. It is a neighboring country connected to China's mountains and rivers, and the two countries have long-term and close ties in various fields such as politics, economy, and culture.
Vietnamese literature is deeply influenced by Chinese classics, and many Vietnamese classics are inextricably linked to Chinese classics. For example, the "Legend of the Golden Turtle" in the official history, local history and literary history of Vietnam originated from the "Sou Shen Ji" of the Chinese Jin Ganbao, and later evolved into the Vietnamese history ** "The Legend of the Golden Turtle", which is 1,000 words long. The famous poets of the Tang Dynasty, such as Liu Yuxi and Han Hao, have traveled to Vietnam. The Tang Dynasty poet Luo Bing Wang's seven masterpieces were introduced to Vietnam and were widely circulated among Vietnamese literati. According to the "Dayue Historical Records-** Chronicles", AD.
In 987, Li Dao, an envoy of the Song Dynasty of China, visited Vietnam. When he saw two geese floating on the water, he happily sang the following nursery rhyme, accompanied by Vietnamese monks:"Two geese, two geese, looking at the end of the world. "To his accompaniment, the Vietnamese mage sang the following nursery rhyme:"The white feathers show the green water, and the red eagle dews the clear waves. ""The white feathers show the green water, and the red eagle dews the clear waves. "。
These lines were born from the singing voice of King Luo Bing. Vietnam's most famous classical narrative poem, "Kim Van Thu Tune", also originated in China. The history of Vietnamese literature can be divided into five periods: Ancient Literature, Medieval Literature, Modern Literature, Contemporary Literature, and Modern Literature.
Ancient Vietnamese Literature.
A century ago, there was no written national literature in the history of Vietnam.
Fairy tales. Vietnam is rich in ancient mythology. Famous myths include those that explain the origin of heaven and earth.
Pillar God"It reflects the struggle between man and nature.
The spirit of mountains and rivers"(The legend of the round umbrella mountain), singing the praises of the heroes of defending the country.
Bon wisdom.
and expressing a vision for a better future.
The god of rice grain. And.
Vulcan"。One of the most representative is "The Story of the Dragon", which explains the origin of the country. Legend has it that Di Ming, the third grandson of the king of Shennong, had a son named Di Yi. When Di Ming traveled south to Wuling, he took the fairy of Wu as a concubine, and the fairy of Wu gave birth to a smart and clever son named Lu Xu for him. Di Ming liked Lu Xu very much and wanted to make him king. Lu Xu was wise and modest, and asked his father to let his elder brother Di Yi inherit the throne and rule the north.
As a result, Di Ming established Lu Xu as the king of Jingyang, ruled the south, and was known as the Red Ghost Country in history. The king of Jingyang married the daughter of Dongting Jun as his wife, and gave birth to a son, Chonglang, known as the Dragon King of Huansha, but his whereabouts are unknown. King Jingyang later became the ancestor of the Yue people. He married the fairy Ji Fei, Ji Fei.
Within a year she gave birth to a child, whose whereabouts are unknown, and she was abandoned in the desert. Seven days later, a hundred eggs were born in the child's womb, one egg and one boy, and they grew up without **, they were all beautiful and peculiar, and when they grew up, they became very strong and agile, very intelligent and considerate, and everyone was in awe of them and obeyed them"。21
These 100 children are the ancestors of Baiyue. One day, Huan Shalong said to his wife:"I am a dragon seed in the water, you are an immortal seed on the earth, they are not the same kind, it is difficult to live together.
So, the Dragon King took his.
A son, returned to the water park of the sea **, leaving the Tujia girl to live in Fengzhou, with others.
A son carved up the world. The eldest son, King Kuma, ascended the throne and established the country of Yongro. According to this legend, the Vietnamese believed themselves to be descendants of the dragon and worshipped the Shennong clan as a distant ancestor"。The god of mountains and water.
And. Legend of the dragon king crab.
Related, the legend of the dragon crab tells the story of a water tribe who caused a flood after a failed marriage with Mei Niang, the daughter of the king of Xiong, and threatened the resentment of the people of Jinhuan Mountain, and was finally suppressed by the god of Jinhuan Mountain.
Folk songs. Most of the Vietnamese folk songs are based on the themes of production and labor, natural scenery, love between men and women, and satirical religious superstitions, which have a strong atmosphere of life. For example, there is a ballad that mocks the religious asceticism of monks:
Amitabha Buddha in the temple.
The crab girl passed by the temple.
The hearts of the people of the world are moving.
The warp scroll wooden fish was set aside.
I have to abandon Zen and follow the word.
The fisherwoman looked worried.
I want to count the rosary from the beginning.
The soul is rising.
Another ballad lamenting an unhappy marriage is sung like this.
The white-haired man sends the black-haired man"
The person outside the house asked"Is this your father or your son-in-law?"
It's like a fool eating a yellow lotus"
This is the enemy, the groom is in **?"
Vietnamese Medieval Literature.
Medieval literature can be divided into two categories: Chinese literature and Forbidden City literature.
Chinese Literature. A.d.
In 939, Ngo Quang established the Ngo Dynasty, ending China's long reign in Vietnam.
Years of feudal rule. At that time, Chinese characters were still the common language in the country, and in 1010, King Li Gong Ninh of the Ly Dynasty issued a decree to move the capital to Thang Long (present-day Hanoi), the oldest surviving document in Vietnam, which is considered to be the starting point of Vietnamese written literature. At the beginning of the Li Dynasty, Buddhism was established as the state religion, and in 1018, the monk Daocheng was sent to China to pay homage to the Tripitaka. In the Li dynasty, Confucianism also received strong support and gradually gained a privileged position.
Beginning with Taizu Li Shimin, most of the emperors of Vietnam knew how to write poems in Chinese characters and had great respect for literature, so they included Vu Dinh Chi, Tran Quang Chau, Zhu Van An, Nguyen Zong Ninh, etc. ** Military generals, priests, and nobles such as Nguyen Duong, Le Van Huy, Nguyen Hoang, Nguyen Hoang, Le Thieu Trung, Nguyen Huy, Dang Truan Quang, and Le Gui Dang, among others, are also known for their poetry and prose. For example, the famous historian Li Wenhui wrote the "Records of the Great Viet History".
, describing the length from Emperor Zhao Wu of the Li Dynasty to Empress Zhao Shang.
The history of 1200 years is also the first masterpiece of Vietnamese Chinese literature and the first history book of Vietnam.
Nguyen Hue, the founder of the Lê Dynasty, wrote "The Great Donation of Binh Viet Donation", which was announced to the whole of Vietnam by Lê Lê after the establishment of the Lê Dynasty in the Lan Son Uprising.
Masterpiece of the century"。In addition, it is worth mentioning Nguyen Ngoc's "Myths and Legends", "Hymn to the Daughter of Tran Kong as a Recruit", a large number of works by the erudite scholar Le Gui Dung, and a collection of Vietnamese myths and legends "Ghosts and Rituals in Lingnan" written by Ngoc Dinh.
Literary Characters Whispering Literature.
Literature is an extremely important and inseparable part of Vietnamese medieval literature and, by its very nature, belongs to the national literature of Vietnam. Zimu is a kind of script of the Vietnamese national language, which is created on the basis of Chinese characters using morphophonic, ideographic and pseudophonic methods. Zimu characters are a type of compound square characters, each of which consists of one or more Chinese characters with phonetic and ideographic meanings. For example,"years"Written in words.
Nanning"Left.
South. Indicates tone, on the right.
Peaceful. Signifies righteousness. South.
The left side of the word indicates the sound"years"The right side of the word indicates righteousness. Some loanwords only borrow sounds but not meanings, for example. Mumble. .
Nope", read in ancient Chinese.
Nope", meaning:
one"。According to legend, Ruan Xie, the squire of the Criminal Department of the Chen Dynasty, was the first person to replace Chinese characters with Zi Mian. Ruan Xian wrote a poem about throwing himself into the river to catch crocodiles, which was similar to Han Yu in China, so the emperor gave him the surname Han. Since then, literati and writers have competed to compose essays based on this character, and called the national poem.
Han Yun"。The advent and use of Ziwen broke through the limitations of Chinese characters and realized the writing of ballads and hymns in the national script for the first time, which was a great achievement"。Approximately.
In the century, Vietnamese literati skillfully used the advantages of Vietnamese phonology on the basis of Chinese rhyme to create a new poetic style that is concise and easy to learn, Liu**, which quickly became popular.
Famous writers of winter literature include Ruan Xian's "Flying Sand Collection", Chen Guangqian's "Charcoal Seller", Ruan Shigu's poetry collection "National Voice", Zhu Wen'an's poetry collection "National Voice", Dou E's "Wang Chang's Biography", etc
Lin Quan's "Adventure", "Catfish and Frog", Ruan Jiashao's "Grievance Palace", Ruan Hui's "Flower Paper", Ruan Yang's "The Legend of Jin Yunqiao", Huang Xuanhuang's poetry collection "Xuan Huang Huang" and so on. Wait a minute. The Adventures of Linquan, also known as "The Biography of the White Monkey Sun Ke", is one of Ziran's early literary masterpieces, and is a long narrative poem.
First, 1200
Xing, an ancient style poem, is vivid and witty, telling the story of a god who was relegated to the world because he violated the rules of heaven and became a white monkey who can only speak. However, thanks to a call from a mortal's heart, she turned into a beautiful woman, married the judge's son, Sun Ke, and lived a very happy life.
Sun Simiao has a friend who is a Taoist priest. Sun Simiao suspected that the white monkey was a monster, so he gave Sun Simiao a demon knife and hung it in Sun Simiao's room. Later, Sun Ke won the champion, and the fairy reunited with Sun Ke after twists and turns. This Vietnamese masterpiece can be said to resemble the narrative hierarchy and structure of Chinese Tang Dynasty works, such as Gu Zhun's "Yuan Biography" and the Guangdong legend "Linghai Qinghua Collection".
Nguyen Gia Scoe's poem "Palace Resentment" is a famous representative poem of the mature Violet Orchid period in the history of Vietnamese literature. Scholars believe that this poem originated from the famous prose of the Chinese poet Du Mu "A Fang Gong Fu", and imitated the famous poem "Chang'an Palace Female Tour" by Han Bangjing in the Ming Dynasty. The full poem of "Song of Gong Sorrow".
The remaining characters are double seven, six and eight bodies. It tells the story of a folk beauty who was visited by the emperor and brought into the harem, and later became cold and cold, abandoned in a deeply locked cold palace, and quietly left in sadness, loneliness and pain. The whole poem is poignant and moving, and through the description of the disgraced concubines, it reflects the sinful life of the shameless and arrogant emperor, and expresses deep sympathy for the unfortunate fate of the court women.
Although the literary language. Horse.
Characters have flourished in the history of Vietnamese literature for a while, and have also achieved a lot of achievements, but because.
Horse. The complexity of characters is sometimes even more difficult to learn, write, and memorize than Chinese characters, so it is difficult to gain a foothold and promote in the vernacular, and eventually it naturally dies. 17
At the beginning of the century, the French missionary Alexandre de Rode
Derode) compiled the Latin Dictionary of Ananuese-Portuguese on the basis of previous research, and became a pioneer in the Latinization of Vietnamese. Arrive.
century, after the Latinization of Vietnamese, Nguyen has become a dead language that people Xi.