The rise and fall of the Chu State is not only a historical past, but also a vivid story.
The state of Chu, also known as Jing and Jing Chu, was a vassal state located in the Yangtze River basin in the pre-Qin period, and the monarch was surnamed Mi and Xiong. During the reign of King Cheng of Zhou, Xiong Yi, the leader of the Chu people, was made a viscount and established the state of Chu. However, in 223 BC, the Qin army broke through the Chu capital Shouchun, and the state of Chu officially fell, leaving behind a rich and colorful historical picture. So, after the fall of the Chu State, which countries with the name of "Chu" came into being?
Zhang Chu was founded by Chen Sheng in the first year of Qin II (209 BC), and launched an uprising in Daze Township. Chen Sheng led the "Chu Army" to fire the first shot of the uprising in Chen County (Huaiyang, Henan). It once expanded to most of present-day Anhui, Henan, but was defeated at the Battle of Xingyang by the Qin Dynasty general Zhang Han. Internal contradictions intensified, and the rebel army gradually declined. After Chen Sheng was assassinated, although there was a counterattack by Chen Sheng's old general Lu Chen, "Zhang Chu" was finally annihilated by history and became a footnote in the last years of the Qin Dynasty.
In 208 BC, Xiang Liang established Xiong Xin, the grandson of Xiong Huai, the former king of Chu Huai, as the king and restored the state of Chu. In order to distinguish it from the state of Chu in the Zhou Dynasty, it is usually called Later Chu. However, after Xiang Liang's death, Xiong Xin was killed in Pengcheng, and the state of Chu fell again. Xiang Yu instructed Yingbu, the king of Jiujiang, to kill Xiong Xin, officially ending the history of Hou Chu.
Western Chu (206 BC-202 BC), also known as the Western Chu Dynasty, was a dynasty between the Qin Dynasty and the Han Dynasty, built by Xiang Yu. Xiang Yu divided the eighteenth road princes in Xianyang and established himself as the overlord of Western Chu. However, in the struggle between Chu and Han, Liu Bang and Han Xin, Peng Yue, Yingbu and others surrounded Xiang Yu, Xiang Yu was defeated and killed himself, and Western Chu perished.
At the end of the Sui Dynasty, Lin Shihong was called Emperor Chu in Jiangxi, and his scope of activities was basically in Jiangxi. After rebelling against the Sui Dynasty, Lin Shihong rose up and possessed a vast area. However, the Chu army lost the battle with the Tang army, Lin Shihong died of illness, and the state of Chu collapsed, ending the Chu dream at the end of the Sui Dynasty.
At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, the Jin army marched south, broke through Bianjing, and supported the puppet Chu to maintain the situation in the north. Zhang Bangchang was the emperor, and the country name was "Great Chu", but because of the resistance of the people and soldiers of the Northern Song Dynasty, it only existed for one month, becoming the shortest-lived Chu State in history.
The founder of Southern Chu was Ma Yin, a native of Yanling, Xuzhou, who rose during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. Ma Yin was named the king of Chu and established the state of Chu, with Tanzhou as the capital. However, the sibling feud led to civil strife, and the Southern Tang took the opportunity to capture Changsha, and the Southern Chu perished.
Overall, the state of Chu lasted 800 years and left a rich historical legacy. However, the separatist forces in the name of Chu did not exist for a long time, and each inherited the name of Chu, but it cannot be compared with the Chu state in the pre-Qin period. This historical phenomenon reflects that the rise and fall of Chu is not only the rise and fall of a country, but also a microcosm of historical changes.
The rise and fall of the State of Chu, a short and glorious existence in the long history of China, is not only the fate of a country, but also the mark of an era. This article systematically sorts out several countries with the name of "Chu" after the fall of the Chu State, from Zhang Chu, Later Chu, Western Chu, Chu State (a separatist force at the end of the Sui Dynasty), Pseudo-Chu to Southern Chu, outlining the multiple faces of the Chu State.
First of all, Zhang Chu, as a banner of rebellion in the last years of the Qin Dynasty, shows an image of rising in a difficult situation. However, the rise and fall of Zhang Chu also reflected the contradictions and disorder within the rebel army at that time, and exposed the weakness of people's hearts. This period of history reminds us that in addition to external pressure, internal unity is also crucial to the survival of a country.
Secondly, Later Chu inherited the name of the state of Chu and tried to rise again after its demise. However, fate made people, and Hou Chu failed to realize his dream of rejuvenation under internal and external attacks. This history teaches us that reviving a fallen nation is not an easy task, and that it takes not only courage, but also wise decisions and the wisdom of leaders.
Western Chu, a state during the Xiang Yu period, is known as the transitional period between the Qin and Han dynasties. Xiang Yu established the Western Chu Dynasty, which was once brilliant, but was defeated in the struggle between Chu and Han and perished. The rise and fall of Western Chu symbolized the end of a heroic era and the beginning of a new era in the Han Dynasty. This history has taught us that the fate of a country is closely related to the trend of the times, and only by adapting to the trend can it survive.
The state of Chu (late Sui separatist force) was a separatist force in the last years of the Sui Dynasty, and the Chu Emperor led by Lin Shihong once established his own power in the Jiangxi region. However, due to internal and external pressures, the state of Chu eventually perished. This history tells us that even if there is a rise for a while, it needs to have sufficient strength and a stable foundation, otherwise it will collapse in the wind and waves.
The puppet Chu was a puppet regime set up by the Jin State to maintain the situation in the north in the last years of the Northern Song Dynasty when the Jin army moved south. This short and special period of history shows the complexity of politics and the impermanence of power and intrigue. The existence of pseudo-Chu, although the time is short, has left a strong mark on the stage of history.
Finally, Southern Chu was a power that rose in the south during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, and was established with Hunan as the center. However, due to brotherly strife and external invasions, Southern Chu eventually perished. The fate of Nanchu tells us that internal unity is the cornerstone of a country's survival, otherwise external enemies can easily take advantage of the situation.
Looking at these countries with the name of "Chu", their fates are colorful and varied, but they all reveal profound lessons from history. After the fall of the Chu State, these countries either died in endless struggles, or left a far-reaching mark in the long river of history, but they are all the inheritors of the glorious history of the Chu State, providing us with valuable historical enlightenment.
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