Scholars observe Danna Shao.
The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly put forward the people's livelihood logic to realize the modernization of urban governance: "Adhere to the people's city built by the people, and the people's city for the people." "Municipal utilities are an important carrier of urban economic and social development. Guided by the transformation of the development model, the development of municipal public utilities carries the people's yearning and expectation for a better life, and also provides basic support for urban construction to shift from large-scale incremental development to equal emphasis on stock system renewal and incremental structural adjustment.
Things that benefit the people will be prosperous. Recently, the China ** Institute of Regulation and Public Policy, a new key professional think tank in Zhejiang Province, and the Urban Public Utilities Reform and Supervision Professional Committee of the Chinese Society for Urban Studies, jointly held the "2023 Public Utilities Reform and Regulation Forum" to once again enhance the attention of the whole society to municipal public utilities supervision. The author believes that promoting the high-level supervision of municipal public utilities is an important part of the modern urban governance system, and it is also the due meaning of promoting the high-quality development of municipal public utilities and creating a new situation of people's city co-construction and sharing.
Challenges and opportunities for the construction of people's cities under the new situation.
The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) once again brought "building a livable, resilient and smart city" into the people's vision, emphasizing that the concept of a people's city should not only demonstrate the humanistic feelings and political orientation of the development of socialist cities with Chinese characteristics, but also extend and expand the strategic connotations of urban planning, construction and governance towards sustainability, green and smart On the premise of making up for the weaknesses of municipal public utilities, we will promote the transformation of old communities and create a more livable and high-quality living space for the peopleDo a good job in the construction of urban lifeline safety projects and enhance the resilience of urban safety;Strengthen the protection and inheritance of urban historic districts and historic buildings, and retain the memory of nostalgia;Promote the construction of urban digital infrastructure and promote smart transformation. The Notice of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development on Promoting Urban Renewal Work in a Solid and Orderly manner further explains the specific goals of "Promoting the Implementation of Urban Renewal Actions in a Solid and Orderly Manner", how to achieve the municipal public utilities industry and infrastructure construction and transformation to remove the stock, reduce the increment, improve the quality, and enhance the people's sense of gain, happiness and security for living, working and traveling. Smart cities play a more effective role in the municipal utilities and social governance adapted to them.
High-level supervision helps the construction of people's cities.
The high-level supervision of municipal public utilities in the new era is an important part of improving the regulatory governance system and the modernization of governance capacity, and it is a practical need to practice the concept of people's city construction and realize the modernization of urban governance. Under the new situation, how to help the construction of people's cities under the high-level supervision of municipal public utilities should include the following three aspects.
First, high-level regulation promotes livability and green transformation of cities. From the perspective of mitigating negative externalities, the overall planning and construction and standardized operation and maintenance management provide an important institutional guarantee for planning the construction of municipal infrastructure such as sewage and garbage treatment, and optimizing the urban water environment and ecological environment. Since the official implementation of the "Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China" (revised in 2014), the "Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution" (revised in 2017) and the "Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution by Solid Waste" (revised in 2020) have been promulgated successively, clarifying the responsibilities of supervision, supervision and evaluation in the form of legal provisions. In terms of consolidating the supervision of urban public utilities, Zhejiang Province has formulated and introduced the "Zhejiang Standard" for sewage treatment plant effluent guided by the improvement of quality and efficiency of urban sewage treatment, completed the transformation of clean discharge technology higher than the national standard, and pioneered the construction of "zero direct sewage discharge construction area" in the country, steadily realizing the full coverage of urban sewage interception and collection and treatment and the full collection and treatment of domestic sewageBy optimizing the "front-end" construction mode, improving the "middle-end" treatment process, realizing the "end" recycling, and promoting the green and low-carbon transformation of the sewage treatment industry according to local conditions. The development practice of Zhejiang Province shows that the establishment of a whole-chain governance system is the fundamental guarantee for the leapfrog development of the water environment from "turbidity" to "clean" to "clean". In order to achieve both inclusive and efficient municipal public utilities, the key lies in the innovation of systems and mechanisms, and the focus is on people-oriented and refined supervision.
Second, high-level supervision enhances urban resilience. From the perspective of urban safe operation, we should focus on expanding the scope of urban emergency management system, build a solid bottom line for the safe operation of urban infrastructure lifelines, and provide governance logic and coordination mechanisms for the abnormal supervision of urban flood control and drainage and other public emergencies. The "Implementation Opinions of the General Office on Strengthening the Governance of Urban Waterlogging" (Guo Ban Fa 2021 No. 11) requires that the flood control and drainage system be gradually established and improved, and a disaster prevention and mitigation system with coordinated matching of river basins, regions and cities, and a complete disaster prevention and mitigation system of flood control and drainage, emergency management and material reserve system is proposed, and the urban drainage and flood prevention engineering system of "source emission reduction, pipe network discharge, simultaneous storage and discharge, and emergency response beyond the standard" is proposed, as well as the whole chain management mechanism of water affairs such as water supply, drainage and water treatment is explored. Practice has proved that it is an important way to promote the modernization of urban governance system and governance capacity by shifting from passive response to prevention and control, emphasizing cross-departmental coordination from the perspective of abnormal supervision, and realizing joint prevention and control of emergencies.
The third is the empowerment of smart weighting and efficient supervision. From the perspective of improving the efficiency of urban management, the interconnection and sharing of information resources will help to improve the efficiency of supervision and the systematic and forward-looking nature of social governance. Promoting the safety project of urban lifeline is an important measure to practice the concept of people-first and life-first safety development. Accurate and efficient big data to help management decision-making and emergency response has become an important regulatory model. High-precision infrastructure data and gridded risk and hidden danger information are important foundations for achieving high-level supervision, and provide support for intelligent perception, monitoring and early warning of urban safety risk prevention and control. The urban lifeline safety project is closely related to the urban physical examination, the aging renewal and transformation of urban gas pipelines, urban drainage and flood prevention, and the construction of urban underground comprehensive pipe corridors, and it is necessary to update the traditional regulatory concepts and supervision models, and make overall plans according to local conditions from the aspects of regional resource endowment, construction, management and operation and maintenance mode, and transformation of scientific and technological achievements, so as to release the superposition effect.
High-level supervision requires standardized management and refined supervision.
Starting from the national conditions of the high-quality development of public utilities with Chinese characteristics, it is urgent to expand the regulatory concept and mode in the process of continuously reconstructing the first-class regulatory boundary. How to effectively ensure the orderliness and rationality of people's urban construction, standardized management and refined supervision provide the possibility for high-level supervision of municipal public utilities.
On the one hand, standardized management provides institutional guarantee for high-level supervision. To promote the standardized management of municipal public utilities and achieve full-field coverage, all-round control and whole-process governance, the focus is to establish and improve the operation mechanism and guarantee system of coordination, orderliness and benign interaction. By strengthening the overall planning of laws and regulations, policy formulation, standard system construction, planning and implementation, and industry management, we will work together to promote the formulation and implementation of cross-field and comprehensive national standards, accelerate the improvement and unification of laws, regulations, and systems in the field of municipal public utilities supervision, create a stable, fair, transparent, and predictable institutional environment, and provide legal guarantees for stimulating industry vitality and safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of industry entities.
On the other hand, refined supervision should be based on the premise of multi-cross coordination. High-level supervision should pay attention to cross-regional, upstream and downstream coordination. Strengthen six-dimensional coordinated supervision, including multi-departmental and multi-element linkage supervision, cross-regional and multi-link collaborative supervision, and focus on the coordination of prevention and treatment. The rules of the system for different administrative regions are not uniform.
1. For problems such as the lack of supervision of industry qualifications, relevant local policies and regulations should be introduced as soon as possible, including normative market supervision policies, and attention should be paid to the cohesion of relevant policy contentIncrease the training of grassroots supervisors to improve the effectiveness of supervisors' understanding and implementation of policies.
Author's Affilications:China ** Institute of Regulation and Public Policy, Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics).