Southern Chu (907-951), one of the ten southern states during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, with Hunan as the center, Guo Jia was called Ma Chu in history, and the capital was Tanzhou (now Changsha). Since 907, when Ma Yin, the king of Chu, was enthroned, and in the 44th year of Southern Chu, the six monarchs fought and disputed, with different endings.
1. Ma Yin - the beginning of the king of Chu.
Ma Yin, the master of the foundation of Southern Chu, was born as a carpenter, and under the command of Sun Ru, he captured Tanzhou and became the commander of the Ma Bu army. In 907, Liang Taizu named him the king of Chu and set the capital Tanzhou. The king of Chu ruled the country steadily, serving the Son of Heaven and the people, with less war and more stability. In 930, Ma Yin died, and he was called King Wumu, and his son Ma Xisheng succeeded to the throne.
2. Ma Xisheng - the lord of Wenkuan.
Ma Xisheng, the son of King Wumu, is not called a king, but a feudal town. He succeeded to the throne in 930, and later served as his envoy to Wu'an and Jingjiang. He died in 932, and was not called king, but only king of Hengyang.
III. Mahifan - Tujia Covenant.
Ma Xifan, the fourth son of King Wumu, the half-brother of Ma Xisheng, succeeded to the throne in 932. Formed an alliance with Peng Shichou, the leader of the Tujia family, and the children of the Tujia family have been praised for thousands of years. He died in 947 and was called King Wenzhao, and was succeeded by his younger brother Ma Xiguang.
4. Ma Xiguang - The Prince of Mercy.
Ma Xiguang, the younger brother of King Wenzhao, was the fourth monarch of Southern Chu. In 949, Ma Xicao rebelled and went south to attack Tanzhou. Ma Xiguang did not want to hurt his brother and gave up the pursuit. In 950, Ma Xiguang was defeated, captured and killed. An act of mercy leads to an unfortunate end.
5. Ma Xicao - Southern Tang puppet.
Ma Xicao, the fifth monarch of Southern Chu, was called the Southern Tang Dynasty in 950 and was named the king of Chu. Lewd and drunk, the treasury was empty, he was imprisoned by his brother Ma Xichong, and died in Jinling in 953.
6. Ma Xichong - The fall of Southern Chu.
Ma Xichong, the last monarch of Southern Chu and the son of Ma Yin, surrendered to the Southern Tang Dynasty in 951. After the destruction of Southern Chu, he was made an envoy of the Yongtai Festival, and it was just a false name. The final outcome is not well documented.
The history of Southern Chu was ups and downs, the fate of the six monarchs was ill-fated, heroic, benevolent, and perished, and the legends of a generation of Bachu were joys and sorrows, leaving behind good stories through the ages.
Although the history of Southern Chu was in the vicissitudes of life during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, the great achievements and tragic endings left by its six monarchs are still deeply engraved in the pages of history. This period of history of Southern Chu is like a magnificent picture, depicting the majesty of the monarch and the glory and disgrace of the family, showing a turbulent and glorious historical picture.
First of all, Ma Yin, as the founder of Southern Chu, played a decisive role in the establishment of Southern Chu by founding the country. During his reign of 44 years, Southern Chu gradually grew and its territory gradually expanded, and Ma Yin himself was praised by future generations for his tolerance and generosity and good governance of the country. Ma Yin adopted the strategy of serving the Son of Heaven and serving the people below, with fewer wars and more stability, which laid a solid foundation for the prosperity of Southern Chu.
However, the next monarchs performed different tragicomedies in the history of Southern Chu. Ma Xisheng inherited his father's way of governing the country and did not claim the title of king but vassal, but his short reign did not avoid the chaos of the later Southern Chu period. Ma Xifan was known for his alliance with the Tujia leader Peng Shichou, and won the respect of the Tujia children for his benevolent and generous benevolence, becoming an admirable monarch in the history of Southern Chu.
However, the wheel of fortune was reversed in the hands of Ma Xiguang. Ma Xiguang's benevolence led to his failure to resolutely respond to the rebellion, and he was eventually captured by Ma Xicao, drawing a strong stroke on a tragedy in the history of Southern Chu. Ma Xiguang's kindness and connivance became a turning point in his personal destiny, and also added a tragic element to the history of Southern Chu.
As the fifth monarch of Southern Chu, Ma Xicao spent his reign in the puppet status of the Southern Tang Dynasty. His lewd pleasures and indulgence, the empty treasury, and finally being imprisoned by his younger brother Ma Xichong, can be called an absurd and tragic episode in the history of Southern Chu. Ma Xicao's rule not only led to internal and external troubles in Southern Chu, but also facilitated the eventual devouring of Southern Chu by Southern Tang.
In the end, Ma Xichong became the last monarch of Southern Chu, and his surrender to the Southern Tang Dynasty and the end of the destruction of Southern Chu are like the curtain call of the history of Southern Chu. The rise and fall of Nanchu is not only a heroic and benevolent historical inheritance, but also a scene of joys and sorrows of the ups and downs of the family and country.
In general, the history of Southern Chu is a colorful picture, and various monarchs have left unique footprints on the stage of history. They are heroic, benevolent, or tragic, and together constitute a splendid chapter in the history of Southern Chu. This history is not only the fate of Nanchu itself, but also a unique and rich course in Chinese history.
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