In the long history, the Yanyun area has always played a pivotal role. The cession of the sixteen states of Yanyun is considered to be the fault of the Later Jin Emperor Shi Jingjiao, but do we have any misunderstanding about him?
Historical Context. 
The sixteen states of Yanyun, including You, Ji, Ying, Mo, Zhuo, Tan, Shun, Xin, Fu, Confucian, Wu, Yun, Ying, Huan, Shuo and Wei, are extremely geographically important. It was the focus of contention among the soldiers of the past dynasties, and it was also the natural barrier for the Central Plains Dynasty to protect the agricultural area and prevent the invasion of nomads, and it was also the base for the Central Plains Dynasty to pass through the northeast during its heyday.
Misconceptions and truths.
The common view is that Shi Jingjiao was regarded as a servile and self-respecting person because of the cession of the Sixteen Prefectures of Yanyun. However, in reality, there is a huge misunderstanding in this. Shi Jingjiao always hoped that the Later Jin would get rid of the vassal status of the Khitan State. And he sacrificed the sixteen states, not to cede the territory, but to return the land managed by the Khitan State to the Khitan State.
History Meets. 
In 934 AD, the Later Tang general Li Congke killed the monarch and established himself, and the former Khitan crown prince lived in the Later Tang Dynasty, and asked the Khitan lord Yelu Deguang to send troops to attack Li Congke. The Khitan army captured Yunzhou and other places, and Shi Jingjiao later dedicated Yunzhou to the Khitan, but returned the goods to the original owner.
The Khitan Kingdom destroyed the Later Tang Dynasty, established the Later Jin Dynasty, and became the suzerainty of the Later Jin Dynasty. Although Shi Jingjiao is called the emperor, he is actually a courtier;The Later Jin was nominally a state, but in fact it was a vassal state of the Khitan. The establishment of this relationship laid the groundwork for the rise of the Later Han, Later Zhou and Song dynasties.
The real face of Shi Jingjiao.
Shi Jingjiao is not a spineless person. Although he was highly regarded by Yerod, he always hoped to get rid of the Khitan rule. The Shi family is not grateful to the Khitan, but for their own interests, so it is not inappropriate for Yelude to call the Shi family ungrateful. If the Shi family could maintain their loyalty to the Khitan, they might be able to maintain stability in the north and avoid the rise and fall and turmoil of the Later Tang, Later Zhou, and Northern Song Dynasty.
Huayi's view is misleading.
Historians often hold Huayi views on the Shijia's perfidy to the Khitan and the fact that the Later Jin Dynasty was a vassal state established by the Khitan. However, the Khitans, as one of the orthodox ethnic groups in China, should not be regarded as Yidi. In fact, Liao embraced Han culture and became a disseminator of Han culture. Yelu Hongji's poem makes it clear that the Khitans consider themselves to belong to "Huaxia".
New historical evaluation.
Today's historians should look beyond Huayi's view and re-examine Shi Jingjiao. He was not treacherous, but to maintain the stability of the Later Jin. As one of the orthodox ethnic groups in China, Liao's cultural transmission is also a part of history.
Epilogue. Shi's historical status deserves to be re-examined, and his decision may not have been as simple as the textbooks suggest. Real history is often more complex than superficial simple judgments, and requires us to understand and interpret them with a more open mind.
Shi Jingjiao's Historical Analysis: Deconstructing Misunderstandings and Historical Truths.
After reading the historical articles about Shi Jingjiao and the Sixteen Prefectures of Yanyun, I deeply feel that history is often misled by simple narratives and superficial perceptions. The analysis of Shi Jingjiao in this article profoundly revealed the historical background of him and the sixteen states of Yanyun, and gave me a deeper understanding of this history.
First, the article challenges the common belief that Shi Jingjiao was labeled as a servile for ceding the Sixteen Prefectures of Yanyun. Through in-depth research, we find that Shi Jingjiao has been trying to get the Later Jin out of its status as a vassal state of the Khitan State. This makes our attitude towards him no longer simple, but aware that he may have a more complex historical responsibility.
Secondly, the article reveals the real motive behind Shi Jingjiao's dedication to the Sixteen States. This was not a cession of territory, but a way to repay the Khitan for its assistance to him. This level of understanding made me re-examine Shi's decision-making and gain more understanding of what he was doing. History is often not black and white, and every decision can be subject to multiple considerations and pressures.
The article also analyzes Shi Jingjiao's personal qualities. He is not a spineless person, and has always wanted to get rid of the Khitan domination. This confrontational attitude may be beyond the historical background of the time, but it also gives us a more vivid understanding of Shi Jingjiao's image. His loyalty to the Khitan was not a compromise, but a desire to realize his political ideals.
However, this does not mean that the article has a positive assessment of everything about Shi Jingjiao. His ungrateful side is also revealed in the article. Although Yelu Deguang had high hopes for him, the Shi family did not always have a grateful heart and deviated from their loyalty to the Khitan for personal gain. The revelation of this point makes our evaluation of Shi Jingjiao more comprehensive, both his political wisdom and his human weaknesses.
At the end of the article, it questions the misleading "difference between Huayi" in history. The perception of the Khitan people cannot simply be classified as Yidi, but it is necessary to transcend the view of Huayi and examine the truth of history. The spread of Han culture by the Khitans, as well as their belief that they considered "Huaxia", were part of the interaction between diverse cultures throughout history.
On the whole, this article provides a comprehensive analysis of Shi Jingjiao's historical evaluation, allowing us to see a more complex and real historical figure. Today, we should face history with a more open mind, abandon prejudices and misunderstandings in the past, and strive to restore the true picture of history. The depth and detail of this article gave me enlightenment for historical analysis, and made my understanding of the past more tolerant and rational.
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