A large proportion of autistic children have visual impairment, and the world we see may be completely different from the world they see, which has a bad impact on children's learning Xi, sports and even life, and also brings a very difficult impact on our teaching process Xi.
One. Visual impairment concept
Visual impairment refers to the impairment of part or all of the structure or function of vision (optic nerve, brain vision) due to congenital or acquired reasons, and it is still impossible (or very difficult) to distinguish vision from external objects.
Two. Common visual problems in children with ASD
1.Eye contact is transient or absent.
2.Hand-eye incoordination.
3.Poor observation and discrimination.
4.Attention span is too long or too short.
5.Lack of visual wideness and lack of follow-up ability.
6.The visual order is confused.
7.Spatial location is blurred.
8.Visual memory is short.
9.Some children may have one problem, while others may have multiple problems.
Three. Adverse effects of visual impairment
1.Xi aspects
Children with visual impairments are unable to perform many imitations and Xi that require visual seeing.
2.aspects of life
Visual impairment causes a lack of coordination between the child's hands and eyes, and the child's basic life such as dressing and eating will be affected.
3.Social interaction
Eye contact is one of the important ways to socialize, visual impairment will seriously affect eye contact with others, not looking at people or staring at people all the time can cause discomfort to others.
Four. Visual training strategies
1.A training method with a short gaze
Play hide games: Attract your child's eye to eye with others, or you can choose other games that your child is more interested in.
Prolong eye contact with your child's favorite food or toy: Put your child's favorite things in front of him and reinforce them as long as he follows the instructions.
2.This is a training method for poor observation and discrimination
Physical classification: Start with simple (two items of the same color, or the same size, or with large differences in attributes) to learn Xi.
Physical Matching: After mastering simple classification, carry out complex physical matching, such as shape matching, color matching, whole and part matching, etc.
3.Training methods for concentration that is too long or too short
Excessive concentration: When a child stares at a place vigorously, he can use his hobbies to expand his cognition, such as using something he likes as a reinforcer, from the point he likes about the object to the surface of the object he likes.
Concentration is too short: the eyes are erratic, and you can pick up objects, paint colors, imitate paintings, walk mazes and other methods for concentration training.
4.Ways to solve the problem of insufficient visual breadth and lack of follow-up ability
Bubble Blowing Game: Use your hands to catch soap bubbles floating in the air.
Remote Matchmaking: Learn Xi search and place items in different places to match.
Scavenger Hunt: Find hidden items.
5.A training method with a chaotic visual order
Insert small pins: a, the same color, the number from less to more b, multiple colors, the number from less to more.
Strip board: Wear in order.
Digital Plug-ins: Horizontal and vertical plug-ins, or top-down plug-ins, from the middle to the periphery of the spread plug-in boards (can be gradually inserted in order, or randomly).
Insert or place small objects into the narrow-mouth bottle.
6.Training method for spatial location blurring
Connection: 1 dot to 2 dots, then to multi-dots and patterns.
Grid Diagram: Connecting patterns in a grid.
Building blocks: one-sided, three-dimensional, flat and three-dimensional building blocks gradually increase.
7.Training method for short visual memory
Memory matching: Find the same physical object with memory, and the number of ** from less to more.
Imitation painting: Show a picture with apples and building blocks, let the child observe for a certain amount of time, take back the painting and let the child draw it from memory.
What's missing?"Game: Place bricks, fruits, cups, and other familiar things on the table, take them away, and then ask the child, "What's missing?"", the child replied.
Imitate movements: such as clapping hands, clapping hands, nodding, etc.
8.Training methods for hand-eye incoordination
Puzzle boards, play with plasticine, clips, beads, tweezers, chopsticks, etc.
9.Training methods for visual disintegration
Auditory training: First of all, it is excluded whether the child has auditory problems, such as distinguishing different sounds, auditory memory ability, etc.
Auditory and auditory integration training: listening and watching and doing.
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Guangzhou Angel Children's Hospital.
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