Cui Jingmo (in 1949, he was the head of the Adjutant General's Office of the Kuomintang Xinjiang Garrison).
In September 1931, after graduating from the Nanjing Army University (the fourth senior class of the Whampoa Military Academy), I was assigned to the headquarters of the Eighth Division of the Kuomintang Army stationed in Nanfeng, Jiangxi Province as a major attendant.
Since then, I have worked under the division commander Tao Zhiyue.
In the past 40 years, he has successively served as a major attendant, a lieutenant colonel, a lieutenant colonel, an adjutant colonel, a colonel, a colonel, a major general, a major general, an adjutant general, and a military station. On September 15, 1949, I resolutely followed General Tao Zhiyue to stage an uprising in Xinjiang, which contributed to the peaceful liberation of Xinjiang.
Judging the situation and plotting an uprising at the foot of Wuquan Mountain.
Before the peaceful uprising in Xinjiang, we held two meetings in Lanzhou to discuss the uprising.
The first meeting was in the autumn of 1948. I (Major General Gao Shen, Director of the Engineering Division of the Northwest Governor's Office of Lanzhou and Director of the Adjutant General of the Xinjiang Dihua Garrison Command, responsible for quartermastering, transportation and financial work), Zeng Zhenwu (Major General and Deputy Chief of Staff of the Commander's Department, responsible for the overall work of Lanzhou), Peng Mingding (Director of the Third Division, responsible for combat work), and other three people were secretly instructed by Commander Tao Zhiyue to hold a meeting at Zeng Zhenwu's house at the foot of Wuquan Mountain in Lanzhou, where the Governor's Department was located at that time, to discuss the current situation and future issues.
At the meeting, Zeng Zhenwu first talked about the military situation. He said: "Hu Zongnan was completely defeated on the battlefield in northern Shaanxi, almost all the army was wiped out, and the northeast was also liberated. ”
Peng Mingding pointed to the map of the situation hanging on the wall and said: "The rectangular red circle in northern Shaanxi is like a giant's left hand, grabbing the head of the **, and the horizontal red circle of Hebei, Shandong, and Henan, as if the giant's right hand, stabbed into the abdomen of the Kuomintang with a sharp blade." The Eighth Route Army in the south and the guerrillas scattered all over the country were like landmines planted everywhere. Chiang's area seems to be on a large territory, but in fact it is in a dilemma, embattled, and signs of defeat have been revealed. Chiang Kai-shek's military defeat was so rapid that it was already expected".
I went on to say: "The rapid defeat of the Kuomintang was also expected. In the past few years, I have been engaged in military logistics work, and I have been deeply touched by the depreciation of the currency; yesterday I bought 10 catties of rice for one dollar, but today I can only buy 1 catty of rice. The economic collapse showed that the end of Chiang, Song, Kong, and Chen had arrived. ”
Zeng Zhenwu finally concluded: "Therefore, the only future for Xinjiang is a peaceful uprising." ”
The meeting finally decided:
1. Immediately inform General Tao Jinchu to rush from Hunan to Lanzhou, and then he will go to Dihua again, directly contact the Soviet consulate in Xinjiang, and get in touch with the CCP through the Soviet consulate, so as to make preparations before the uprising.
2. Report the minutes of the meeting to Commander Tao Zhiyue immediately.
In November 1948, Tao Jinchu received a telegram from Commander Tao Zhiyue and rushed to Lanzhou from Hunan to live at Zeng Zhenwu's house. Under the instructions of Tao Zhiyue, a total of four people with Tao Jinchu, at Zeng Zhenwu's house, we held a second meeting on the issue of the peaceful uprising in Xinjiang.
Zeng Zhenwu said: "Let's talk about the current situation and the uprising, especially how to do work after the Jin Dynasty arrived in Xinjiang. Peng Mingding said: "Chiang Kai-shek's inevitable defeat is a foregone conclusion, and it is only a matter of time." Commander Tao was nominally the commander-in-chief of the Xinjiang Dihua garrison, but the military power was in the hands of Chiang Kai-shek's central and military commanders represented by Ma Chengxiang and Zhang Zhizhong. The officers above the regimental commander of the Kuomintang troops in Xinjiang were all appointed by Hu Zongnan himself, so it was not so easy for us to carry out the uprising. We must seize the time to carry out our work, and at the same time, we must closely monitor the situation and prevent disasters. In short, it is necessary to make the most difficult preparations to make sure that the act of insurrection is foolproof. ”
I said: "I hope that this trip to Dihua at the beginning of the Jin Dynasty will be successful, and after getting in touch with the Chinese Communists through the Soviet consulate, we will have a backer." ”
When analyzing the situation of the personnel, Zeng Zhenwu said: "Brigade Commander Luo Shuren, who is stationed in Dihua, has served Tao Zhiyue as chief of staff for several years, and he still has some feelings for each other, and when necessary, he can probably listen to Tao Zhiyue's command. Luo and I were the best classmates when we were at the Army University, and if I persuaded him to go with Tao, he would probably listen. ”
I said, "This person has a problem, and he can't be trusted." When he was in Xi'an, Luo Shuren went to Hu Zongnan and asked to be a brigade commander, and as soon as he asked for it, Hu Zongnan approved a brigade commander for him, which shows that Luo Shuren and Hu Zongnan are not in an ordinary relationship. We must do everything possible to win over the Fifth Cavalry Army, and if the Fifth Cavalry Army wins it over, the safety of our headquarters will be guaranteed. ”
Zeng Zhenwu also said: "The most dangerous person is the commander of Ye Cheng in Northern Xinjiang, he was the captain of Chiang Kai-shek's guard, and Ye's wife also worshiped Song Meiling as a godsister, and she was determined to Chiang Kai-shek. ”
Tao Jinchu finally said: "In order to make the uprising smooth and successful, do not kill those who do not want to revolt, give them travel expenses, and mobilize them to go." In this way, the opposites can be reduced. ”
These two meetings have unified understanding, thinking, and action for the peaceful uprising in Xinjiang. But the situation facing the peaceful uprising is dire. Because of one thing, General Tao Zhiyue had no strength in Xinjiang at that time;Second, Ma Bufang's Fifth Cavalry Army was stationed in Xinjiang;Third, although several of Hu Zongnan's ace divisions were annihilated by the People's Liberation Army, Hu was the commander-in-chief of the Northwest Regional Governor's Office, and he still had a certain amount of influence in Xinjiang.
Mrs. Tao migrated to the outskirts of Chongqing.
One day in April 1949, Commander Tao called me in Lanzhou through a special line from Xinjiang and said: "My wife called from Changsha and said that my family members were going to move from Changsha to Taiwan”
I said, "It's hostage!".Commander Tao smiled in ** and said, "I agree with you." ”
I continued: "This is absolutely impossible to go, you have to think of a plan to get out of the shell, and a proper solution is the best policy." "Put down **, I called Peng Mingding, studied it with him again, and agreed that Taiwan can't go, and the northwest can't come for the time being.
Because the families of important Kuomintang members are all moving south, if Tao Zhiyue's family moves north, it will obviously expose themselves and there will be big problems. At that time, Chiang Kai-shek was personally sitting in Chongqing, and only by moving to Chongqing could he obstruct people's eyes and ears, and no one would doubt it. Afterwards, I suggested to Commander Tao again: "You just say that I will go with Chairman Jiang and send my wife to Chongqing." ”
Commander Tao smiled again after hearing this, and said: "I also think about it this way, and I have already found a place in the countryside of Chongqing, and I am ready to let my wife move to the suburbs of Chongqing." "I would like to express my full support for his approach.
Soon after, I sent a jeep from Lanzhou, driven to Chongqing by Mrs. Tao's nephew, Zhou Runhua, loaded with six barrels of gasoline for Mrs. Tao's control and use, and asked Commander Tao to specify the location of the joint in Chongqing.
At the beginning of May, Chow Yunhua drove the car and gasoline back.
I asked Zhou, "I told you to stay in Chongqing and wait for Mrs. Tao, why did you come back?"Zhou said: "Mrs. Tao lived in a house on the outskirts of Chongqing, and she said: "No matter what the situation, I will never move again." The car was left here to reveal the target, and it was easy to get into trouble, so I was asked to drive the car back. ”
After hearing this, I was deeply moved, and I felt that the work of not going to Taiwan to be hostages in order to protect Commander Tao's family was foolproof.
Raise military salaries and control the outflow of Jiuquan Bank**.
In order to raise military salaries for the uprising, one of the duties of me, the adjutant chief, was to find ways to control the outflow of the Jiuquan Bank.
In mid-August 1949, I was ordered by Commander Tao to stay in Jiuquan, and I went to the Jiuquan Ximen Grain Depot, where Mo Xiangxian, the head of the storehouse, was my aunt and brother-in-law.
He first led me to meet the commander of the local garrison, Xiong Liu, a regiment under the brigade commander stationed in Hami Moruo. At that time, the first battalion of this regiment was stationed in the Yumen Oil Mine, the second battalion and the regimental headquarters were stationed in Jiuquan City Defense, and the third battalion was stationed at the Erlizi River, garrisoning the Sino-Mongolian border.
I repeatedly instructed Commander Xiong: "The safety of the Yumen Oil Mine must be ensured, and no mistakes must be made." ”
Commander Xiong said: "This is uncertain, because there has been no salary for several months, the soldiers are too miserable, and poverty is changing, so it is difficult to say." ”
After I learned of this situation, I immediately found Manager Zhang of the ** Bank who had fled from Lanzhou to Jiuquan and asked him to help transfer ** from the Hanzhong Bank to solve the problem of military salaries for the Jiuquan troops.
At first he did not admit that there was a ** in the bank. I said, "When you were in Lanzhou, the Eighth Supply Zone told me that you had already transported ** to Jiuquan first. ”
Zhang also said: "That is the reserve of the state treasury, which belongs to the Ministry of Finance, and I only manage it, and no one has the right to use it." I heard that the Ministry of Finance is going to transport these away. ”
I said: "The military salary promised to us by Chongqing has never been delivered, but the ** here has to be transported away, which is too unsatisfactory." Do you know that soldiers have not been paid for several months, it is very difficult to eat and clothe, life is too hard, and there will be problems if this continues? ”
Manager Zhang still said: "Then I can't be the master." ”
On the one hand, I reported the situation to Commander Tao, and on the other hand, I actively took measures to prevent the outflow of **.
So I contacted Mao Xiyu, the head of the special mission at the headquarters in Anxi, and asked him to send a reliable company to Jiuquan under my command. At that time, I did not give him a specific task, but he said yes.
I asked Zeng to send four cars to Anxi, and after attaching the regimental mortars to Jiuquan, I placed them around Bank Street and secretly monitored the bank to prevent them from being smuggled.
I explained the task to the company commander and said: "In order to maintain the security of the bank, no more than two armed men are allowed to enter the bank;Second, no truck is allowed to stop at the door of the bank, and if there is any situation, report it to me immediately. ”
In order to solve the problem of the difficulty in paying the salaries of the troops in the vicinity of Jiuquan and to ensure the security of the Yumen oil field and the stability of the troops, I agreed with Chen Zhongtai, chief of the financial section, that the issue of the salaries of the camel regiment of the Xiong Regiment stationed in Yumen and the mortar company of the special service regiment from Anxi must be resolved as soon as possible, at least one month's salary.
After the arrangements were made, I asked Commander Tao and said, "We will first borrow money from the Jiuquan treasury and return it as soon as the salaries of the generals from Chongqing arrive." ”
After obtaining Commander Tao's approval, I took the seal of the headquarters of the Northwest Governor's Office and asked Manager Zhang for a loan.
At first, Manager Zhang was a little embarrassed and afraid of taking risks, but after I repeatedly explained the plight of the soldiers at present, he finally agreed to borrow a month's salary. This ensured the stability of the troops and the safety of the Yumen oil mine.
On 17 September, the Jiuquan Bank was to be transported to Xinjiang ahead of schedule, and I asked Commander Tao Zhiyue for specific delivery methods.
Tao said: "You send a car and let that mortar company of the special mission escort them to Xingxing Gorge, and then tell them to return to Anxi." I also told Brigade Commander Mo Iruo in Hami that he was responsible for picking up the transportation at Xingxing Gorge. ”
I asked Zeng to send six cars, three to the mortar company, and three to the bank for shipment**. When they left Jiuquan, I called Manager Zhang aside and asked him what the approximate number was
Zhang said: "Sixteen thousand taels." "After Zhang left, I immediately reported the time when General Tao Zhiyue's car left Jiuquan with **, and said in code: "There are 16,000 things." ”
Rapidly changing, it is difficult for the fish swimming at the bottom of the kettle to resist the uprising.
On September 10, 1949, Tao Jinchu sent me a telegram from Xinjiang: "Luo (Shuren) and Ye (Cheng) are stubborn, Ma (Chengxiang) is unreliable, and the new situation is critical. There is a connection with the consulate. ”
At that time, Peng Mingding had already gone to Wuwei and Zeng Zhenwu had gone to Zhangye, so I drove to Zhangye and handed over the telegram to Zeng Zhenwu.
After reading it, he said: "Dihua may have gone wrong, I immediately issued an order in the name of Tao Zhiyue to let Huang Zuxun and Zhou Guest withdraw their defenses, and after the troops are concentrated, they will wait to accept the reorganization of the People's Liberation Army." If it fails, I will lead the guardian battalion to the Gobi Desert to fight guerrilla warfare for a few days. ”
I did not agree with him, thinking that without getting in touch with Commander Tao, he gave orders in Tao's name, which would have startled the snake. Later, Zeng Zhenwu listened to my words and decided to go to Dihua in person and solve the problem with Commander Tao.
A few days after Zeng left, the first corps of the People's Liberation Army had already crossed the Qilian Mountain, cutting his waist and opening his head. The situation in the Hexi Corridor has changed dramatically, directly threatening Xinjiang.
Chief of Staff Liu Ren, when he fled from Wuwei in a hurry, the car overturned and injured people. In order to stabilize Liu Ren, I went to see his injury on behalf of Commander Tao and sent him **10 taels as a token of condolence.
I asked him: "The current situation is so tight, many family members and children have taken refuge in the Gobi Desert, you are the one who controls the policy, and you should provide Tao Zhiyue with some good strategies." ”
He said: "I can't talk about offering any advice or not offering advice, I am going to talk to the two deputy chiefs of staff (Peng Mingding and Peng Yuexiang) to see what their opinions are." I'm going to Chongqing to be hospitalized. ”
Sun Yaowu, the chief of the Military Judge Advocate General's Department, withdrew to Jiuquan Middle School with the Lanzhou Governor's Department. Once when I went to Sun Yaowu's office, I met Sun to Guo Qiqiao, the head of the Chongqing secret service, calling **: The situation here is very bad, Chief of Staff Liu was injured, and Xi sent a senior officer to quickly come to sit in the battle. "At that time, I thought that the garrison commander of Jiuquan was still Tao Zhiyue, and Tao should be considered a big man. If he wants another big man, he must be able to control Tao Zhiyue, which proves that he no longer trusts Tao Zhiyue. At the same time, Sun Neng directly spoke to Chongqing Datou, which also shows that he has a background.
On September 18, Zeng Zhenwu called me from Dihua and asked me to find the commander of Zhou Bingbin and tell him not to leave, saying that it was a letter from Zhang Zhizhong (Zhou was Zhang Zhizhong's son-in-law).
I said, "Tell me what the letter is about, so that I can say it." He said, "He already knows the contents of the letter." I said, "If you know that, why do you want me to go to him?"”
Zeng said: "I heard that he still wants to leave, so I ask you to find him and try to persuade him not to go." "I searched everywhere, but I couldn't find the whereabouts of Zhou Guest, so I had to squat at the airport and the airport every day to block him, but I didn't see his shadow.
On the day the plane was leaving, I ran to the airport very early in the morning to wait, only to see many people coming one after another who wanted to escape by plane. waited until more than five o'clock in the afternoon, but did not see Zhou guest, and the plane did not take off.
Two days later, I learned that both Mr. Zhou and the pilot had been hiding in a material warehouse that day. During the day, they were locked inside, and after dark, they fled in a hurry. This is obviously the collusion between the pilot and the air station personnel, and carefully planned to help the Zhou guests escape.
Before the First Corps of the People's Liberation Army was about to enter Zhangye, Peng Mingding, in his capacity as deputy chief of staff of the Commander's Department, approached Commander Xiong Luo and said: "Now the situation is changing rapidly, in this change, who will listen to your actions?"”
Xiong Luo replied, "Listen to Commander Tao." Peng hung up Dihua's **, and after finding Tao Zhiyue, he handed over the ** to Xiong Luo, and asked Xiong Luo to accept Commander Tao's instructions directly in **.
Then Peng Mingding brought Cao Xuexi, the commander of the military police regiment, and Peng said: "The first corps of the People's Liberation Army has all passed through Qilian Mountain, and it will soon enter Zhangye, and the situation is changing rapidly, what are your plans for this situation?"”
Cao said: "The country raises soldiers for a thousand days, and it is used in one day. At the time of the national crisis, it is the time when the soldiers are dying on the battlefield, and there is no other choice. ”
Later, when I was in Xingxing Gorge, I met Cao Xuexi. He telegraphed the uprising to me, and I saw that Cao Xuexi's name was still on the telegram.
I asked Regiment Commander Cao: "Last week, you said that you would die on the battlefield, but today you participated in the uprising, you are finally a good person." ”
Cao said: "You suddenly asked me a question, and I don't know what your intentions are, according to my identity at the time, I can only answer like that." ”
After Chief of Staff Liu Ren overturned and was injured, Chongqing called Deputy Chief of Staff Peng Yuexiang as the first chief of staff, which shows that Chiang Kai-shek has distrusted Peng Mingding and Tao Zhiyue.
At that time, in Jiuquan City, the triangle stood together, and each occupied one side. The first is the health street centered on Zeng Zhenwu, which is guarded by a guardian battalion in the eighth supply area, and Peng Mingding also lives in Zeng Zhenwu's house;The second is that there is a company under my control stationed on Bank Street;Third, Sun Yaowu, chief of the Judge Advocate General's Office, and his chief of staff, Liu Ren and Peng Yuexiang, had a battalion stationed at Jiuquan Middle School. Each is ready for battle.
Once, Liu Ren came to ** and asked Peng Mingding to come to his house to talk, and Peng only said the word "don't go" when he answered ** and put down the microphone. The bell continues to ring. Peng picked up the ** for the second time and said, "I have nothing to talk about with you." But the ** bell was still ringing, and Peng picked it up for the third time and said: "Liu Ren, I warn you: if you want to go, you can leave, if you don't leave, you will be a prisoner, nothing else." After that, Liu Ren fled to Chongqing for treatment.
After Song Yaohua, the commander of the engineering regiment, eavesdropped on the intelligence of the ** bureau, he ran to the chief's office and said in front of Peng Yuexiang and his gang of diehards: "The Communist Party has already talked to Tao Zhiyue!"He was asked, "What did you hear?"Song said: "* can make them talk, I cut the ** line." "Actually, it was Liu Zhenshi who was cut off by Song Yaohua when he beat Tao Zhiyue. It's really creating chaos out of nothing.
On 20 September, the commander sent Liu Zhenshi to Zeng Zhenwu's house in Jiuquan to convey the instructions of the Kuomintang and clearly inform the Kuomintang officers and men about the policy of the PLA: If the Kuomintang can accept the peaceful liberation, it will be completely resolved by force. At this time, Peng Yuexiang and other diehards were brought in, and when Peng heard this, he did not dare to disagree anymore and agreed to the peaceful liberation.
That night, Liu Zhenshi volunteered by Mao Jisheng to send a car and report to Commander ** in Zhangye. ** Commander Huang Zuxun was asked to immediately withdraw from the high platform. On the evening of the 21st, when Huang Zuxun's troops passed through Jiuquan, they set fire to the alley opposite the sanitary street, and then set fire near the west gate, and Huang Zuxun took advantage of the chaos to flee west.
On September 22, 1949, I was ordered to leave Jiuquan and go to Dihua. On the same day, he went to Yumen County and stayed at the headquarters of the camel regiment. The head of the regiment, He Xinmin, is He Yaozu's nephew and is responsible for the security work on the periphery of the Yumen oil mine.
On the evening of 23 July, we arrived in the city of Anxi, where the special task force of the Xinjiang headquarters was stationed.
Mao Xiyu, the head of the regiment, said: "Tao Zhiyue has already led the uprising in Jiuquan, and the Xinjiang side has not yet expressed its position, one person cannot have two attitudes, I am very concerned about the safety of Commander Tao in Xinjiang." ”
I said: "I have had this concern for a long time, but when I was leaving for Jiuquan, I met Zeng Zhenwu returning from Dihua, and he told me that several of the most reactionary leaders had already left Xinjiang and fled, and that the problem of the uprising was not big, and that small troubles were inevitable, and that it was only a matter of time before Xinjiang was electrified to revolt. ”
Mao said: "Of course, our regiment also has a battalion commander and two company commanders who are there to oppose the uprising!"I warned them, but they didn't say anything. ”
On September 25, General Tao Zhiyue of Xinjiang telegraphed the whole country to revolt.
Early that morning, I came out of the head of the Anxi Mao regiment, and just stopped at the west end of the Anxi bus station, and was about to wait for the car behind to arrive and march to Xinjiang together, when a warehouse manager of the Anxi of the Minsheng Company said to me: "I heard that Jigong (referring to Liu Guanghan, the financial director of Zhang Zhizhong) has left, and there are a lot of things in the warehouse. Go and see, take whatever you want. I said: "Your view is wrong, everything is public, and now the situation is a little chaotic, you have to redouble your management, and when the PLA comes to take over, there will be no more than one thing, and this is your responsibility as an administrator." ”
In the afternoon, we arrived at Star Gorge, where we had planned to stay. However, due to the fact that Brigade Commander Mo was ordered to fortify here, no armed forces were allowed to enter the territory, and the remnants of the troops who were blocked here were defeated and chaotic. Therefore, after research, we continue to march towards Hami.
The car I was riding in ran ahead, and at about eleven o'clock in the evening, I went straight to the Hami barracks, looking for the brigade commander Mo Iruo, but no one came out for a long time.
Later, an adjutant came out, and he said: "The brigade commander has something to do, and he can't come out to accompany him for the time being, please forgive me." So he took me to an empty house and told us to rest. As soon as I saw that there was nothing in it and could not rest, I followed my car back to the Hami fork in the road, ready to wait for the car behind to arrive before continuing on.
Unexpectedly, at about twelve o'clock, suddenly the guns rang out from the direction of the small barracks, and then the whole city also rang out. Due to the sound of gunfire, the eight cars behind did not dare to enter the city, so they had to stop more than 10 kilometers away from Hami. At this time, I wanted to drive the car back to the big barracks, but I was afraid of causing trouble, so I drove the car into the woods by the roadside, and my wife and children slept in the car.
After a while, Mo Wuruo and a deputy brigade commander were inspecting the barracks with flashlights in hand, and listened to them tell them which companies had run out, which companies had run out of parts, which companies had not moved, and so on.
Due to the tense situation and the fact that it was late at night, I did not greet him until dawn on the 26th, when the gunfire subsided. The situation is that after the bandits robbed the bank's **, they all ran away.
At noon, all my convoy drove into the grain warehouse of the large barracks and stayed, and the chief of the warehouse, Tao Juhuang, was a distant cousin of Tao Zhiyue. In the afternoon, I found Mo Wuruo in the office and asked him, "Has the bank's ** been destroyed?"Mo said: "It's all gone." I said, "After the uprising, how will Xinjiang's funds be maintained?"**Try to get it back quickly. "Mo thinks it's difficult.
At this time, Peng Mingding came from Jiuquan to find Mo Wuruo, and I took it. Peng mainly asked about the robbery. Peng said to me: "You should instruct Mo Wuruo to recover all the stolen **, the first corps of the People's Liberation Army will soon enter Xinjiang, and if you don't chase them back, you will treat them as bandits." "Afterwards, I didn't say the last sentence to Mo.
At that time, the situation was very tense, Brigade Commander Mo had a very strong quarrel with the local puppet commissioner, and machine guns and mortars were set up on the large barracks. Legend has it that the Uyghurs in Hami were going to attack the barracks and carjack them on the road. Based on this situation, we did not dare to leave that day, so we had to stop for more than a day.
It was only on September 28 that we left Hami. Arrived in Dihua on October 1 and lived in a house on Confucian Temple Street, which had been prepared for a long time. Since then, I have participated in the peaceful uprising in Xinjiang with General Tao Zhiyue, actively maintained social order in Dihua, and assisted the People's Liberation Army in handling the "Hami Mutiny" incident.
In July 1987, Fu Shulin compiled it based on oral records).