Looking at the history of China, from the initial turmoil and fragmentation to the unification of the whole country, the beginning of all this has always been inseparable from a famous figure - Qin Shi Huang.
An emperor through the ages
As the ruler who created the first feudal system in Chinese history, Qin Shi Huang's life is also particularly impressive. Speaking of Qin Shi Huang, we have to mention Lü Buwei who defended the country.
Lü Buwei was born in a family of powerful people who defended the country, and met the proton exchanged by Qin on a business trip, that is, the father of Qin Shi Huang, King Zhuang Xiang of Qin, so Lü Buwei wanted to improve his status, so he invited King Zhuang Xiang to a banquetAt the banquet, Lü Buwei was very premeditated and offered his pregnant Zhao Ji to King Zhuangxiang, so that he could feel that the person Zhao Ji was pregnant with was his descendant.
And Lü Buwei's premeditated plan was to make his child the crown prince in the future, and Lü Buwei has been actively working for this in the days since.
In 246 BC, after Lü Buwei's efforts, King Yingzheng of Qin finally succeeded to the throne, because although Yingzheng had ascended the throne at this time, he was only 13 years old at this time and could not fully govern the government, so the power of the court at that time was completely controlled by Zhao Ji and Lü Buwei, who was the prime minister.
Although Qin Shi Huang was young at this time, he was in a high position after allSince childhood, I have known that if I don't really take power, I will only be used as a puppet and slaughtered by others, and in the end I will only be used and discarded.
So when Qin Shi Huang was 22 years old, that is, in 238 BC, Yingzheng officially ascended the throneSoon after he officially took power, he deposed Lü Buwei, who interfered with the regime, and Chang Yu, a eunuch who abused official power, one after another, and vigorously appointed Li Si and other truly talented peopleAt this time, it was also the sixth generation since the Qin Xiaogong reform, and after the accumulation of more than 1,000 years of kings, the Qin Dynasty also became the most powerful country in terms of comprehensive strength among the seven dynasties.
In 236 BC, King Yingzheng of Qin officially sent troops to attack Zhao, and at this timeZhao was at war with Yan, and for a while could not cope with Zhao's fierce offensive, and many cities were captured by himIn 228 BC, Qin Shi Huang led his army to take Handan in one fell swoop, and the Zhao State was officially destroyed.
Over the next decade, Qin Shi Huang relied on his ingenuity and strategy of reusing virtuous ministers to conquer the rest of the kingdoms in turnIt officially ended the situation of frequent wars in various places and the poor livelihood of the people since the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and established the real first feudal dynasty in Chinese historyIt has opened a new historical picture for Chinese history.
Qin Shi Huang, as the first emperor of the ages, did not just unify the whole country, but a series of first-class centralized measures taken after unification.
After Qin Shi Huang officially unified the Six Kingdoms, the first thing he did was to cut the grass and eradicate the rootsThe imperial relatives and wealthy merchants of the original countries were relocated to XianyangThe purpose of this act is to promote the development of Xianyang, and the second is to move these people out of the original place in order to weaken the original forces and achieve the role of centralization.
The second is the control of the people's thoughts, before the unification, each country has its own ideology and culture to follow, at that time there was even a hundred schools of thought, a hundred flowers blooming cultural situation, after the accession of Qin Shi Huang in order to prevent different ideas from restoring their own national ideology hidden dangers, so it is mandatory to carry out the unification of cultural thoughtsThe first is to destroy the works written by many schools, and it is this measure that many works on Confucianism in Chinese history cannot be reproduced in the world, and secondly, many Confucian sorcerers are killed to warn the world of the necessity of ideological unityQin Shi Huang's act of burning books and pit Confucianism left a huge shadow on history, so many subsequent dynasties took the opposite measures to govern the country in order to be different from Qin.
In addition, Qin Shi Huang also used small seals to unify the script, abolished other different scripts, and unified the country's weights and measures, so as to unify the size of the field and the width of the roadSecondly, the unified currency abolished the original currency of different countries, and the yuan was used as legal tender, so that the economic power was truly owned by the state, in terms of men and women, Qin Shi Huang also set the correct customs of the same people, suppressed the trend of obscenity, and in terms of land, in order to strengthen the national economy, it was decided to vigorously develop the landlord economy and vigorously develop agriculture. In addition, in order to prevent the country from being invaded by foreign races, it was decided to send troops to the Xiongnu, open a canal and build the Great Wall, and it was this series of measures that officially strengthened the Qin Dynasty.
Qin Shi Huang, who enjoyed supreme power, became obsessed with the method of immortality in his later years, and gradually became moody and strangeDuring this period, Qin Shi Huang traveled a total of five times in order to obtain immortal medicine and obtain immortality, and used this to promote the royal majesty.
Qin Shi Huang's first tour was in 220 B.C., most of the areas passed through this trip were the western minority areas, the next year, that is, in 219 B.C., Qin Shi Huang began the second tour through Mount Tai to hold a ceremony to highlight the imperial power, in 219 B.C., the third parade began in the middle of the trip, met the Korean prince in the middle of the way, Qin Shi Huang ordered the whole world to chase and kill, in 215 B.C., Qin Shi Huang's body at this time was already much worse than before, but on the road to the pursuit of immortality, he still insisted on continuing to parade, soIn 210 B.C., Qin Shi Huang dragged his body, which was more than half a hundred years old, and was disturbed by illness, and died of illness during the fifth procession, and since then a generation of kings has fallen.
After his death, Qin Shi Huang was buried in the Lishan Imperial Mausoleum, and the Lishan Imperial Mausoleum is a very amazing existence for today's historians and archaeologists, because both the structure of the imperial tomb and the documents recorded highlight its greatnessTo this day, the true face of the imperial tomb has not been explored, and the rumors that the imperial tomb was dug up as early as the fall of the Qin Dynasty have also been confirmed
Majestic dungeon
After Qin Shi Huang officially took power, he began to build an imperial mausoleum for himselfDuring this period, according to historical records, Qin Shi Huang requisitioned more than 700,000 people to build the imperial tomb, and at the same time 500,000 people were building the Great WallTogether with the two million people who built in other places, and there were also one million people needed for the army, these together accounted for 20 to 30 percent of the total number of people in the Qing Dynasty, which also led to the resentment of the people under this policy.
The imperial mausoleum is built up to more than 50 zhang, and its circumference is five miles long, and there are countless rare treasures in the underground palaceAccording to the literature, there is still a large amount of mercury in the tomb of Qin Shi Huang, which is also the reason why the archaeological community is afraid to explore furtherIn addition, it is said that there are many mechanisms in the mausoleum for protection from tomb robbers.
Most of the structures built by the imperial mausoleum on the ground are built in accordance with the ancient Qin Dynasty capital Xianyang, and there is a sleeping palace where Qin Shi Huang lived during his lifetime in the mausoleum areaIn addition, in order to prevent the construction of the place from being eroded by the river, Qin Shi Huang deliberately changed the direction of the river to flow east-west to bypass the imperial tomb.
It is precisely because of the grandeur of the Mausoleum of the First Emperor that it has attracted the covetousness of many tomb robbers, and has also inspired many archaeologists to seek the experience of the Imperial Tomb after a lot of hardships.
In the course of the work of archaeologists, the imperial tomb has not only suffered from natural damage, but also suffered from man-made damageAccording to the literature, the mausoleum of the first emperor during the Han Dynasty was 115 meters high, after a thousand years, although the imperial tomb is not as tall as it was at the beginning, but there is still a height of 55 meters, although the data in terms of height is not accurate, but it is enough to show the grand project of the construction of the mausoleum of the first emperor.
In 2015, the area of the Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang ushered in the heaviest rainfall in China in a centuryIn 12 hours, the precipitation in the mausoleum area reached 100 mm, and it was this rain that caused the entire imperial tomb to be seriously washed by stagnant water, which added a lot of difficulties to archaeological discoveries.
And with the thousands of years, a large amount of rainfall and the outbreak of mountain floods, but also let the Qin Shi Huang Mausoleum from south to west a water ditch, the local ** is said to be the overlord Xiang Yu's army at that time, so this ditch is also named Bawang ditch.
As archaeologists progressed, they gradually discovered that for the imperial tomb, the damage caused by nature was only a small aspectWhat surprised the archaeologists the most was that in the process of exploration, they continued to find many traces left by the fireIn the burial tomb, a lot of charcoal residues and burnt red soil were found in the high-platform building, and even the excavated weapons and metal utensils showed signs of being deformed by the fire.
According to the archaeologists' time calculations of the remnants, combined with the historical events of each dynasty, it was quickly found that such destruction should have occurred in the last years of the Qin DynastyBreaking into the pass, historians and archaeologists have not yet determined which army was responsible.
However, according to historical documents, the number of troops that could cause such large-scale destruction must have been large, so they targeted the armies of Liu Bang and Xiang Yu, and according to Han Dynasty documents, Liu Bang and his men experienced war when they entered the city, and some people saw the grandeur of the mausoleum and the gold, silver and jewels insideFrom this, it can also be seen that the army led by Liu Bang was a bystander before the tomb was destroyed, and according to this clue, the spearhead of the looting can be aimed at Xiang Yu's army.
After that, archaeologists continued to describe it in the literature of Liu Bang, the ancestor of the Han Dynasty, based on historical documentsAfter Xiang Yu invaded the capital, he first burned down all the palaces and rooms in the Qin Dynasty, and in order to vent his dissatisfaction with the King of Qin, he began to dig the tomb of Qin Shi Huang, and kept the property in the tomb for himselfIn addition, in the Northern Wei Dynasty thousands of years later, there are still works that show that when Xiang Yu entered the customs, more than 300,000 people were used to carry the treasures in the mausoleum.
According to the literature, although there were many tomb robbers who caused damage to the mausoleumHowever, a closer look at the extent of its destruction will also reveal that it is far less than the damage caused to the imperial tomb by the hundreds of thousands of troops led by Xiang Yu.
But,Archaeologists also found loopholes in these documents in the following period, as there were only two very small robbery caves in the area discovered by archaeologists, and they were not excavated on a large scale as written in the bookAnd although the mausoleum is seriously damaged, it is still very complete for the entire mausoleum to be sealed, and if it is entered on a large scale, the seal will not have such a complete layer at all. Finally, according to the exact scientific test, there is a lot of mercury in the underground palace and the like, and the purity is very high, because the mercury is in a liquid state, and if there is a large-scale invasion, then the purity of the mercury will definitely be affected, and it will not be so pure.
Therefore, according to the record that Xiang Yu was burned by fire outside the mausoleum, the credibility of the record is relatively high, but the credibility of the large-scale infiltration of Xiang Yu with the army still needs to be considered.
The merits are mixed
Qin Shi Huang's life can be described as short and brilliant, like fireworks, igniting a lifetime just for that moment of bloomFrom the age of 13, he began to inherit the throne, from being used as a puppet at the beginning to holding power in his own hands to show great achievements, from the age of 30 to 40, it took only ten years to destroy the six countries and complete the unification, and at the same time establish an era that belongs only to him.
Qin Shi Huang's life was in turmoil, and in the early stage, he swept away the Six Kingdoms with his own majestyEstablish a centralized system and set up counties in various regions, when the mind was confused, he decided to rule the mind, unify the language, unify the weights and measures, and when he was worried about the invasion of the Xiongnu in later generations, he decided to strike first, and after quelling the war, he began to build the Great Wall for a stable peace, vigorously develop agriculture in order to promote economic development, and open the river, build a ramp to facilitate the passage of **For all this, Qin Shi Huang's decisions have all contributed to the development of the country, and fully reflect that he is a majestic monarch.
But no one is perfect, and Qin Shi Huang's merits are indelible, but under the influence of power in the later period, Qin Shi Huang wanted to satisfy his own selfish desires, including the establishment of the Afang Palace, the construction of the imperial mausoleum, so began to requisition a large number of young and middle-aged people, resulting in deep resentment among the people, and because of their addiction to immortal arts, in the following time, they continued to send people to seek immortal medicine for them.
Qin Shi Huang accomplished unprecedented feats in his turbulent life, but it was precisely because of his later mediocrity that the whole country fell into darkness for a long time, and he built the Qin Dynasty into the first dynasty of the ages, and at the same time made the Qin Dynasty a dark era in historyThe strength of the dynasty does not mean the love of the people, even if there are thousands of achievements, the Qin Dynasty will not be able to penetrate the hearts of the people after all, and it will return to dust.