The effect of temperature on strawberry flowering is mainly in two aspects, one is to affect the vitality and longevity of pollen, and the other is to affect the activity of stigma. Mature pollen has a certain survival time after the anther is released, and the metabolic activity of pollen is vigorous at high temperature, the consumption of nutrients is more, and the enzyme activity declines quickly, thereby accelerating the aging and death of pollen. The stigma vigor is also related to whether the pollen can germinate after falling on the stigma, and whether the pollen tube can grow normally.
Strawberries in the shed have poor flowering and fruit set, and there are many deformed fruits, many of which are due to the fact that the temperature is not well controlled.
When strawberries bloom, the critical temperature for pollination and fertilization is 117. The suitable temperature is 138～20.6 ℃。Pollen germination is best at 25 27, and at 20 or 35, 50% of the pollen can germinate.
The temperature of the flowering period is low, the petals cannot be flipped over, and the anthers dehisce slowly. If the greenhouse temperature is too high before flowering, the anthers will be able to crack, but the flowers will only be semi-openWhen the temperature in the shed is below 10 or above 40, the flowering and anther dehiscence of strawberries will stop, so that pollination and fertilization cannot proceed properly. Causes deformed fruits. Therefore, the budding to flowering period: 22-28 during the day, 10 at night, 50-70% relative humidity.
Therefore, strawberries cultivated in greenhouses in northern regions must pay attention to heat preservation during the flowering period, and the flowering period should not be lower than 10 degrees, otherwise the fertilization will be poor, which will lead to a large number of deformed fruits. In the warm areas of the south, the temperature is generally high this autumn, and the plastic greenhouse must not exceed 40. Pay attention to ventilation and cooling. Prevent the temperature in the shed from being too high, which will cause the growth of strawberries to be inhibited and unable to set fruits.
The temperature requirements of strawberries are different in different growth periods, especially in the fruit growth period, and the accumulation of nutrients in the fruit is obviously affected by temperature.
So what is the optimal temperature to maintain during fruit growth?
Many studies have shown that the effect of temperature on the distribution of assimilates is mainly achieved by affecting the metabolic activity of organs. Moreover, these effects are reversible, when the temperature in the shed is low, the low temperature affects the metabolic activity of the fruit organs, so that the accumulation of sugar in the fruit is reduced, and the assimilates accumulate in the leaves, which ultimately inhibits the photosynthetic activity of the leaves;When the temperature is high, the respiratory consumption is large and the organic nutrient accumulation is small, which is also not conducive to the growth and development of the fruit.
The growth, development and ripening of fruits are not only affected by varieties and cultivation methods, but also have a certain relationship with temperature. In general,When the temperature in the shed is low, the fruit growth period is extended and the ripening is late, but it is conducive to the increase of fruit size and the accumulation of dry matter. When the temperature is high, the respiratory consumption is large, and the organic nutrient accumulation is small, so the strawberry generally ripens quickly, but the fruit is relatively small, and the quality becomes poor.
Therefore,In strawberry management, the temperature needs to be maintained at 18-24 during the day and about 5-8 at night during the ripening of the fruitsuch temperature conditions, which is just right for the accumulation of nutrients in strawberries into the fruit.
Strawberries are a continuous flowering and fruiting cash crop that requires fast-acting nutrients for healthy growth.
Generally, 18 days after flowering, the fruit swelling period enters, and from then on, it is necessary to apply 1 potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution or calcium, magnesium and boron fertilizer once every two weeksto ensure the yield and quality of strawberries. Note: Stop applying phosphate fertilizer after the fruit is eight-ripe, otherwise the fruit will be black and purple, which will affect its quality.
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