Ancient Chinese architecture is broad and profound, because it is built on the profound cultural and technological foundation of China, and occupies an important position in the history of world architecture with its unique charm. However, in modern times, Chinese architecture has gradually lost its unique charm and cannot find its own way out.
As a social ideology, Confucianism is basically based on a feudal social system linked by blood and patriarchal relations. In the history of thousands of years of architectural development, due to the influence of Confucianism, ancient Chinese architecture presents a unique style, and the relationship between ancient Chinese architecture and Confucianism can be analyzed from the specific architectural structure.
The reason why ancient Chinese architecture has been able to maintain and develop its own unique style for a long period of time is obviously closely related to Confucianism, which is the dominant orthodoxy in ancient Chinese society.
For more than 2,000 years since Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty overthrew the Hundred Schools of Thought and respected Confucianism, Confucianism has always been a dominant ideology, which has a significant impact on all aspects of ancient Chinese society and is the spiritual axis of ancient Chinese society for thousands of years.
Although after the Han Dynasty, there was the establishment of Taoism and the introduction and prosperity of Buddhism, but the study of Buddhism and Taoism has always been in a subordinate position, and in the minds of Chinese, Confucianism is orthodox. Under the influence of Confucianism, ancient Chinese architecture has formed its own unique architectural philosophy.
Confucianism believes that the golden mean is the Confucian ethics and morality with "benevolence" as the inner core and "etiquette" as the external form, which is a relationship between the inside and the outside, and between heaven and man. Confucianism regards the idea of moderation as the right way under heaven and the true face of the universe. Emphasizing harmony, emphasizing moderation, neutral life ideals and humanistic concepts.
Confucianism has profoundly influenced the development and evolution of ancient Chinese architecture, which is mainly reflected in the following aspects:
First of all, Confucianism advocates the system of etiquette, which is the foundation of governing the country and the criterion for personal conduct. As a result, there are many types of buildings and their shapes, such as halls, temples, altars, mausoleums, etc.
Second, Confucianism advocates the supremacy of the monarchy, and the emperor is the lord of all the peoples under the command of heaven. As a result, the capital palace centered on the palace was established to reflect the supremacy of the monarchy.
Furthermore, Confucianism advocates respect for heaven, and the sacrifice of heaven and earth is the great sacrifice of all dynasties. Therefore, there are the Temple of Heaven, the Temple of Earth, the Temple of the Sun, the Temple of the Moon, as well as the establishment of the altars of Sheji and Xiannong.
In addition, Confucianism advocates filial piety to the ancestors, so there are temples and mausoleums. Confucianism advocates that the central government is orderly, so the square and symmetrical layout of the building layout is orderly and orderly, thus forming a strict central axis symmetrical layout of the capital, the palace and the building group. At the same time, Confucianism advocates the order of respect and inferiority, and pays attention to the use of architecture to reflect the order of respect and inferiority. There are strict regulations on the studio, shape, color, and ridge decoration of the building, and it is not allowed to violate the regulations.
Finally, Confucianism emphasizes that no rules can be formed, and advocates ritual music, which is aesthetic geometry, rigorous, vigorous and orderly. Confucianism and its ideas have had a great influence on the planning, symmetrical layout and urban planning of ancient Chinese architecture.
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