One. The current state of energy consumption of 5G base stations
As the energy consumption of our communication network continues to rise, 5G not only increases power consumption by nearly 3 times compared to 4G base stations, but also multiplies the number of 5G base stations due to the attenuation of coverage. At present, the full-load power consumption of a single system of 5G base stations of mainstream manufacturers is about 35 4KW, according to statistics, the average daily power consumption of the existing 5G micro base station is about 65KWH, if calculated according to the electricity price of 1 yuan kWh, the annual electricity expenditure of only 5G base stations in the country will reach 76.3 billion.
According to statistics, the electricity cost of air conditioning accounts for about 54% of the electricity expenditure of the entire base station, and it has become the main power-consuming equipment in the base station room.
In addition to the high cost of electricity, there is also the problem of power supply to base stations. Since the load of 5G base stations is nearly 3 times higher than that of 4G base stations, the power distribution system of the original 4G base stations may not be enough to provide such high power, including power supply cables, circuit breakers, air conditioners, switching power supplies, batteries, etc., all need to be upgraded, which will cost more. Therefore, for operators, the high power consumption of 5G base stations has even become an important reason restricting the development of 5G.
Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the power supply system of the base stationTwo. Smart power solution for base stations
Most of the existing base station power supply systems do not have the requirements of intelligence, energy saving, and easy maintenance, and there is no pre-perception and judgment of the hidden dangers of the power supply system, which requires operation and maintenance personnel to go to the site from time to time, which will increase operating costs.
Accuray's smart power cloud platform realizes the intelligent and refined management of base station electricity consumption by installing power sensors, intelligent micro-disconnection, air conditioning control and other equipment in the base station, providing solutions for the reliability and power saving of the base station.
Figure 2 Schematic diagram 2 of the electrical data acquisition configuration of the base station1. The base station uses electricity intelligently.
Through the platform, the electrical parameters in the base station can be monitored, the energy consumption data of the base station can be counted, and the electrical parameters of the base station can be warned in real time.
1) Configure AC multi-loop monitoring instrument to collect the electrical parameters of the mains circuit, the emergency power generation circuit and the main incoming circuit and upload them to the platform
2) Configure DC multi-loop monitoring instrument to collect the electrical parameters of DC feeder loop and upload it to the platform
3) Configure smart micro-terminal for monitoring and controlling air conditioning, lighting, and fan circuits in the base station, and data upload platform
4) Equipped with air conditioning infrared controller for on-site automatic control and platform remote control of air conditioning in the base station;
5) Configure the battery monitoring unit to collect battery data and upload it to the platform.
Figure 3 Schematic diagram of power data transmission of base station 22. Energy-saving control of base station electricity.
By setting up the control logic in the edge computing gateway, the external ambient temperature of the base station and the internal temperature of the base station are collected for comparison and judgment to automatically control the standby of the air conditioner and start and stop the fresh air fan, and maximize the use of natural cooling to control the temperature and humidity inside the base station within the target range, so as to realize the energy saving of air conditioning power in the base station.
Fig.4 Schematic diagram of energy-saving control of air conditioning fan in base station 23. Power expansion management of base stations.
Since the energy consumption of 5G is 3 times higher than that of 4G base stations, if the original 4G base station is upgraded, it is likely to encounter the problem of insufficient original mains capacity, and upgrading the mains may require replacing the original power supply cables, circuit breakers, air conditioners, switching power supplies, batteries and many other equipment, and may not even be able to increase the mains capacity.
Previously, a plan of "not changing the mains and not moving the distribution" was actually an additional "power bank", when the load peak exceeded the normal mains limit, the lithium battery energy storage discharge participated in the load power supplyWhen the load is idle, the lithium battery energy storage is transferred to charge to replenish the power. It can also be used in emergency scenarios to improve emergency power consumption in the case of large-scale power outages to avoid a large number of 5G base stations being disserviced. Ankerui Electric Manufacturer 1377 + 443 -09 + 92 Wang Jinjing Ankerui base station intelligent power management platform can access lithium battery energy storage converter and lithium battery BMS data, and can formulate charge and discharge control management.
Figure 5 Schematic diagram of power expansion of the base stationThree. Base station smart power cloud platform
Accuray base station smart power platform can be deployed locally or in the cloud, collect data from various base station power distribution systems, carry out digital display and data analysis, and start and stop air conditioners and fans based on the local edge computing of the base station, so as to realize remote centralized monitoring and energy-saving control of the base station. When the platform detects an alarm fault, it will automatically remind the user through SMS, voice** and APP push, improving the efficiency of base station operation and maintenance management and achieving transparent management.
3.1 Base station at a glance.
The GIS map displays the location of the corresponding base station, including the detailed information and equipment configuration of the base station, and displays the alarm and power consumption of the base station this month.
3.2. Lithium battery energy storage management.
The platform accesses the data of the battery management system and the energy storage converter, provides operation mode monitoring and control strategy selection for the base station, monitors the cell current, temperature, SoC and SOH, detects the insulation status of the DC system, and sets the charging and discharging strategy of the energy storage system according to the load change of the base station or manual instructions to ensure the reliable power supply of the base station.
3.2. Base station power distribution configuration.
Display the operation and power consumption of each electrical equipment in the base station, including mains, emergency power generation, switching power supply, air conditioner, fan, battery and electrical equipment, etc., and display the internal and external environmental data of the base station.
O&M management. O&M management includes functions such as hidden danger inspection, hidden danger handling, hidden danger recording, hidden danger reminder, work order processing, and batch processing of hidden dangers.
Base station energy consumption analysis.
Count the energy consumption data of the base station, and analyze and compare the year-on-year ratio to form an energy consumption report.
Four. Applications
In December 2021, the National Reform Commission, the Cyberspace Administration of China, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and the National Energy Administration jointly issued the "Implementation Plan for Implementing the Requirements of Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality Goals and Promoting the Green and High-Quality Development of New Infrastructure such as Data Centers and 5G", which requires that by 2025, data centers and 5G will basically form a green and intensive integrated operation pattern, of which the energy efficiency of 5G base stations will be increased by more than 20%. Accuray base station energy-saving and digital management solutions have been applied in many base stations, and have achieved good results, with an average energy-saving effect of more than 20% and an increase of 40% in operation and maintenance efficiency, helping the digital management transformation of communication base stations, hoping to achieve the "double carbon" goal as soon as possible.