The pension system is a social security system that aims to provide basic living security for retirees. At present, China implements a multi-level pension insurance system, including basic pension insurance, enterprise annuity, occupational annuity, commercial pension insurance and personal savings. Among them, the basic endowment insurance is the most important layer, involving the widest range of groups.
China's basic pension insurance adopts the pay-as-you-go system, that is to say, the pension of the current retirees is mainly paid by the contributions of the current incumbents. This model is conducive to the accumulation of funds during the demographic dividend, but in the case of accelerated population aging, there will be a problem of income exceeding expenditure. The pension is not enough, and the elite executives have gone from stealth to open robbery, and they have to use the people's "life-saving money".
There are two types of basic old-age insurance: basic old-age insurance for urban employees and basic old-age insurance for urban and rural residents. The basic old-age insurance for urban workers is mainly paid by units and individuals, and is divided into personal accounts and social pooling according to a certain proportion.
The part of the personal account refers to the part paid by each insured person in accordance with the prescribed proportion, which belongs to the individual and can be accumulated, inherited and transferred. The social co-ordination part refers to the part paid by the unit in accordance with the prescribed proportion, which is owned by the society and used to pay the pension of the current retirees. The basic old-age insurance for urban and rural residents is mainly paid by individuals, and the basic pension is paid according to the fixed standard.
China's pension system is currently facing problems and risks. Nearly one-fifth of the monthly salary should be used to pay pension insurance, which is a large expense for enterprises and workers, especially under the downward pressure of the economy, which has further aggravated the business difficulties and consumption downturn.
In addition, the pressure on the payment of basic pension insurance for urban workers across the country is constantly improving. In 2019, nearly two contributors will be able to support a retiree, and by 2050, almost one contributor will need to support a retiree. It has also been reported that the cumulative balance of the basic pension insurance for urban workers nationwide will be exhausted in 2035, including financial subsidies. This means that the payment of pensions will face greater difficulties and uncertainties in the future.
There are still imbalances in China's pension system, such as differences between regions, industries and groups. For example, the pension level in some economically developed areas is much higher than that in economically underdeveloped areas, the pension level in some special industries is much higher than that in ordinary industries, and the pension level of some people who enjoy special policies is much higher than that of the general population.
Enterprise annuity is a kind of supplementary endowment insurance, which is jointly paid by units and individuals, and is invested and operated by professional institutions. However, in the process of investment and operation, some elite executives use their authority or relationship to manipulate the investment direction, proportion, and income distribution of enterprise annuities, so as to seek personal benefits or transfer risks.
For example, some executives invest their enterprise annuities in companies they control or are affiliated with, earning high returns or commissions. Some executives invest their enterprise annuities in high-risk projects or markets, thereby passing on their own losses or risks.
Some elite executives not only influence the management and operation of pensions within the enterprise, but also influence the formulation and implementation of pension policies at the ** level. They use their status, prestige, connections, etc., to make the pension policy more in line with their privileges or interests.
People should actively learn and Xi and understand the basic principles, operation modes, problems and risks, and reform directions of the pension system and policies, so as to better safeguard their legitimate rights and interests and reasonable demands. At the same time,People should also pay attention to the dynamic changes and implementation of the pension system and policies, so as to find and reflect problems and unfairness in a timely manner.
Use various channels and ways to participate in pension management and supervision, such as joining trade unions, social groups, non-governmental organizations, etc., to express their opinions and suggestions;Expose and report violations of laws and regulations in pension management and operation through **, network, letters and visits, etc.;Through legal means, defend yourself in the pension infringement.
It is important that the people should plan personal pension reserves at multiple levels according to their actual situation and expected needs, not only relying on basic pension insurance, but also actively participating in enterprise annuities, occupational annuities, commercial pension insurance, personal savings, etc., in order to increase the quality and income of pensions. At the same time, the people should also reasonably arrange the investment and consumption of personal pensions to maintain the safety and appreciation of pensions.
Conclusion
Pension is the people's "life-saving money" and the "stabilizer" of society. While the pension system is facing many challenges, some elite executives have gone from stealth to open pension, which not only damages the interests of the people, but also endangers social harmony.
We should work together to promote the reform and improvement of the pension system, and to prevent corruption and infringement of the pension system, so as to achieve a fair and sustainable pension system. Otherwise we will face a worrying problem:When we get old, who else will support us?