The Greek root of the word "piezo" in the English translation of piezoelectric effect is "pressure". In 1880, Jacques and Pierre Curie discovered that applying pressure to a quartz crystal creates an electric potential on the crystal. Similarly, they also found that the electric potential applied to the crystal caused the crystal to deform. They call this phenomenon the piezoelectric effect.
The piezoelectric effect can be easily defined as a phenomenon in which an electric potential is generated due to the application of pressure or mechanical deformation of the lattice structure of a piezoelectric material. This deformation turns the molecules in the substance into charged dipoles, resulting in potential differences between crystals.
The piezoelectric effect occurs in crystals that do not have a center of symmetry. This leads to net polarization. The most well-known piezoelectric material is quartz. Others include a variety of polycrystalline ceramics that are often used in ceramic capacitor dielectric formulations. One of these groups of substances is known as calciumlite. Calcium-chin ore is one of the most abundant minerals on the planet, such as barium chinate, calcium chinate, and lead cosinoate, which are used as members of the family of polycrystalline ceramic formulations (as shown in Figure 1). These crystals have some inherent piezoelectric properties that require care when using these materials in capacitor manufacturing to reduce the effects of the piezoelectric effect on the capacitor.
Schematic diagram of the molecular structure of acids in ceramics.