Heze East Railway Station is a comprehensive transportation hub. Photo courtesy of Zhongnan Architectural Design Institute.
Since the beginning of this year, the Ministry of Transport has successively issued the "Comprehensive Passenger Transport Hub Design Code" and "Integrated Freight Hub Design Code". Stay tuned.
The Outline for the Construction of a Transportation Power and the National Comprehensive Three-dimensional Transportation Network Planning Outline (referred to as the Double Outline) put forward "the construction of a number of national and regional first-class hubs, promote the integrated planning and construction of comprehensive transportation hubs, improve the level of transfer and reloading, and improve the collection and distribution system" and "promote the centralized layout of various transportation modes in the new comprehensive passenger transport hub, realize space sharing, three-dimensional or same-stage transfer, and create an all-weather and integrated transfer environment." Promote the integration of transportation facilities and the sharing of service functional space in existing comprehensive passenger transport hubs". The 14th Five-Year Plan for the Development of the Modern Integrated Transport Hub System (hereinafter referred to as the "Development Plan") proposes to "focus on promoting the multi-level integrated development of comprehensive transport hubs" and "strengthening the smart, safe and green development of integrated transport hubs".
In both the Outline and the Development Plan, integration is the core content of the integrated transportation hub design. At present, the existing standards and specifications for the design of various types of comprehensive passenger transport hubs in China are mostly limited to the building itself, and lack the overall design consideration of "integration". From the location selection of the integrated passenger transport hub, the integration with the urban transportation system, the organic connection with the urban public space, to the integrated transfer construction, mutual recognition of security inspection and information management of the integrated passenger transport hub, a design specification with stronger system and higher collaborative requirements is needed to coordinate the design of the "shared space integration" of the integrated passenger transport hub.
In order to meet the needs of modern transportation, improve transportation efficiency, and promote the integrated planning and construction and sustainable development of comprehensive passenger transport hubs, Zhongnan Architectural Design Institute Co., Ltd. took the lead in drafting the "Design Code for Comprehensive Passenger Transport Hubs" (hereinafter referred to as the "Passenger Transport Hub Specifications"), which will be officially implemented on April 19, 2023.
Focus on public and transfer spaces
Achieve a holistic approach
According to the requirements of the double outline and the "development plan", the standard compilation team has compiled this specification on the basis of extensive investigation and research, drawing on the experience of foreign hub construction, combined with the actual situation of the construction and operation of China's comprehensive passenger transport hub, through combing and analyzing the relevant standards of various types of comprehensive passenger transport hubs, and on the basis of extensive consultation. The "Passenger Transport Hub Specification" focuses on the public space and transfer space of the hub, takes into account the overall consideration and coordinated development, and puts forward design standards that meet the development needs of the new era in terms of transportation integration, functional integration, space sharing, convenient transfer, intelligent information, green development, emergency safety, etc.
The Code for Passenger Transport Hubs is a general standard, which is a general principle to a certain extent, and is a supplement to the existing design standards for various types of passenger transport hubs. This code is mainly applicable to the design of transfer areas, public spaces and supporting service facilities of newly-built, expanded and reconstructed integrated passenger transport hubs. In the process of compiling, the compilation team followed the following principles: First, the principle of the times. As an industry standard, the needs of China's comprehensive passenger transport hub in the new era should be summarized and reflected in a timely manner, so as to lay the foundation for meeting the higher travel requirements of the people and the high-quality development of the hub. Second, the principle of pertinence. This paper summarizes the common problems of the existing integrated passenger transport hubs, such as weak systematization, poor functional connection, poor transfer experience and imperfect comprehensive services, and puts forward integrated design requirements. Third, the principle of systematics. As a large-scale and wide-ranging transportation building design standard, on the basis of the planning and overall design of various types of hubs, it emphasizes the integrity and systematization of the integrated design of public space and transfer system.
Emphasis on system design
Highlight unity and collaboration
When the compilation team compiles the "Passenger Transport Hub Specification", it is required that the overall design chapter of the hub should highlight the unity and synergy of the hub planning, design and construction, reasonably determine the type, function and scale of the hub, and effectively connect with the urban transportation network, and reserve the conditions for subsequent development.
The compilation team also divides the integrated passenger transport hubs into four types according to the different dominant modes of transportation, and divides the hubs into four levels according to the average annual daily dispatch volume. The "Passenger Transport Hub Specification" focuses on the introduction of the concept of "circle division", and the development level of the hub area can be divided into the core area, expansion area and influence area from the inside to the outside. The integrated design of the hub is mainly based on the research and regulation of the core area, and the deployment of land use development and regional urban design is based on this.
Among them, the integrated design of the hub is the core content of the "Passenger Transport Hub Specification", which is divided into 8 integrated designs:
Integration of hub and urban complex functions. Under the station-city integration development model, the comprehensive hub should be deeply integrated with the urban function, present composite functions, and form an urban public center with intensive land use and efficient flow of elements.
Integration of hubs and urban transport systems. For megacities and metropolitan areas, the integration and integration of hubs and urban rail transit will become a key factor. National railways and urban subways, intercity railways, urban railways and other rail systems should form a rail transit network to produce metropolitan areas or urban agglomerations on the track.
The transfer system of the hub is integrated. The integration of the hub transfer system should include the transfer shared space, the mutual recognition of security checks and the integrated management of information technology. The following factors should be considered in the design of convenient transfer channels, such as the setting of security-free transfer channels between airports, railways and subways, the design of the same platform or three-dimensional transfer between national railways in railway passenger stations, and the convenient transfer between national railways and subways, buses and long-distance trains. Air-rail intermodal transport should be used to realize convenient transfer between air and railway through fast special lines.
Integration of the hub into the urban public space. The integration of the hub and the urban public space includes: the integration of the terminal building and the GTC (public transfer center), and the integration of the railway transportation hub and the "urban living room" space. In the core area of the hub, the urban public space is the key factor to realize the integration of the hub and the city, and is a necessary condition for the realization of resource sharing and functional compounding, which is of great significance in the context of urban renewal.
Integration of the hub and the urban ecological environment. The hub should be integrated with the urban ecological environment, and green development should be achieved through the implementation of sustainable development ecological strategies, so that the hub can become a part of the city's green ecological environment. The high-accessibility slow traffic system will allow the ecological landscape resources to be shared between the hub and the city.
Integration of the hub into the urban subsurface. The urban underground space is closely related to the national railway and subway, and can be developed in an integrated manner. Through the overall planning, the connection between the hub and the urban underground space is realized, and the division is implemented in an orderly manner.
Integration of hub intelligent information systems. The hub construction information system should achieve the goals of smart crew service, smart energy management, and smart operation and maintenance. The hub information system should be designed, constructed and put into operation at the same time as the hub construction.
Integration of service facilities. The integration of service facilities includes six aspects: mutual recognition of security checks, barrier-free systems, identification systems, passenger service centers, commercial service facilities, and security emergency service facilities. Focusing on the integration of public service facilities in the core area of the hub, focusing on the various service needs of the whole process of passenger transfer and streaming, the specification emphasizes the integrity and systematization of service facilities.
The Passenger Transport Hub Specification also puts forward requirements for the design of different types of hubs, mainly including railway-led integrated passenger transport hubs and aviation-led integrated passenger transport hubs. The transfer areas and public spaces of these two types of hubs are relatively complex and have typical significance, and other dominant hubs can be used as a reference. Passenger transport hubs dominated by urban (suburban) railways and intercity railways can also be implemented with reference.
The Code for Passenger Transport Hubs also stipulates the common requirements of public spaces and transfer areas of various types of transportation hubs, the common difficulties in the special fire protection of large spaces, and the common fire protection design problems in the "Fire Prevention and Evacuation" chapter.
In the context of promoting new urbanization, the construction of comprehensive passenger transport hubs has become an important engine to promote urban renewal and development, which is related to the high-quality construction of cities. The "Specification" will play a strengthening, standardizing and guiding role, which is conducive to improving the planning, design, construction and operation management level of comprehensive passenger transport hubs, and providing strong support for promoting the high-quality development of comprehensive passenger transport hubs in the new era.
Author丨Zhongnan Architectural Design Institute Co., Ltd. *** Chief Architect (Executive) Li Chunfang.
Editor丨Liu Yuhang, Liao Qian.
Audit丨Zhang Fan.
Producer丨Sun Yingli.
Submission email: xww@zgjtbcomBusiness: 010-64266095