In the hearts of many friends, the Three Kingdoms period is the most familiar period of ancient history. Although this period is known as the "Three Kingdoms", the main line of conflict is undoubtedly Wei Shu, and Wu seems to have had a relatively reduced conflict with Wei Shu after the Battle of Chibi and the capture of Jingzhou, except for the defeat of the Shu army at the Battle of Yi (Yi) Ling.
This phenomenon was generally explained by later generations as the state of Wu itself was positioned to be at ease with the autonomy of the south of the Yangtze River and did not have much interest in winning the Central Plains. Of course, this is an important reason, but there may be another reason for Wu's less interest in the Central Plains, namely that it has long faced a formidable opponent internally - the Shanyue ethnic group in the Jiangnan region.
Regarding the origin of the Shanyue ethnic group, the historical record was first found in the Book of the Later Han Dynasty and the Records of Emperor Xiaoling, mentioning the incident of the Shanyue thieves besieging Taishou Chen Kun in Danyang. Regarding the identity of Shanyue, the traditional view is that they are the remnants of the ancient Baiyue people, who lived in the mountains and mountains, and did not pay taxes to the imperial court due to the dangerous terrain. Another view is that they were indigenous people who lived in the mountains as early as possible, neither Baiyue nor Han, and were some tribes with their own system. The general view is that Shanyue may be a general term, and that it is composed of different ethnic groups and is different from each other.
Throughout the existence of the Sun-Wu regime, Shanyue posed no less threat to it than Wei and Shu, and sometimes even more. Around 193 AD, when Sun Ce was starting his territory in the south of the Yangtze River, he was attacked by the army led by Zu Lang, the leader of Shanyue around Danyang, and the situation was very critical. Around 197 AD, before and after Sun Ce broke with Yuan Shu, Yuan Shu sent someone to grant a letter of seal to Zu Lang, the leader of Shanyue, asking him to lead the Shanyue army to attack Sun Ce. However, Sun Ce eventually succeeded in subduing the Shanyue forces of Zulang, laying the foundation for the development of the Eastern Wu regime.
In 203 AD, in order to consolidate his sphere of influence, Sun Quan sent a large army to defeat Huang Zu, the Taishou of Jiangxia appointed by Liu Biao, and at one point came close to completely defeating Huang Zu. However, this battle led to the rebellion of Shanyue, which eventually forced Sun Quan to urgently withdraw his army when victory was in sight to quell the rebellion in Shanyue, and also extended the life of Huangzu's forces for another five years.
In the next 5 years, Sun Quan devoted his main energy to dealing with Shanyue, sending Zhou Yu, Pan Jun, Lü Meng, Pan Zhang, Huang Gai and other famous generals of Eastern Wu to quell various rebellions in Shanyue. In the past few years, in the war of Eastern Wu to pacify Shanyue, a total of at least 1About 50,000 Shanyue troops captured tens of thousands of Shanyue tribesmen at the same time. Therefore, the generals of Eastern Wu accumulated rich combat experience in the battle with Shanyue, which played a certain role in the later Battle of Chibi.
After the Battle of Chibi, Cao Cao had wooed Shanyue. Between 214 and 217 CE, Cao Cao sent men to infiltrate the area around Poyang Lake in Eastern Wu and confer seals on the local Shanyue chieftains, You Tu and Fei Zhan, prompting them to rebel and force Sun Quan to repeat his crusades. The total number of troops used by Soochow in the previous wars against Shanyue reached at least 200,000 or more, while the total number of troops of Soochow at the time of its demise was only 230,000, which shows the great threat of Shanyue to Soochow.
In 234 A.D., Zhuge Ke, an important minister of Eastern Wu, believed that Danyang Mountain, the core area of Shanyue's activities, was dangerous, and the people were fierce, and it was difficult to reach the core area, so he proposed to personally sit in Danyang, expand the source of troops, and completely pacify the threat of Shanyue. Sun Quan appointed Zhuge Ke as the Taishou of Danyang and led a heavy army to crusade against Shanyue. Zhuge Ke adopted various means, including guarding dangerous mountain passes, building siege fortifications, setting up settlements, and grabbing grain from Shanyue, etc., and successfully made a large number of Shanyue people surrender. Eventually, three years later, most of the people left the mountains and surrendered.
Soochow then set up new counties in southern Anhui and resettled the Shanyue people in the local area, so that the Shanyue people gradually integrated into the Han and other ethnic minorities in the south. After 237 AD, Soochow solved the decades-old Shanyue problem. However, Chen Shou mentions in the Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms: The Biography of He Qi that the repeated rebellions in Shanyue left Eastern Wu with no time to devote its main energy to fighting foreign enemies, which was the main reason why Eastern Wu was at a disadvantage in the confrontation with Wei. Therefore, Soochow's willingness to make progress towards the Central Plains was also constrained by the Shanyue issue.
Summary: In the troubled times of the Three Kingdoms, Eastern Wu not only had to deal with the strong pressure of Wei Shu, but also had a fierce struggle with the Shanyue ethnic group internally for a long time. The Shanyue issue once became a major hidden danger for the Soochow regime, affecting its strategic layout to the outside world. After solving the Shanyue problem, Soochow was able to better develop and grow in the troubled times of the Three Kingdoms.
The article "The Beacon Fire of Jiangnan in the Troubled Times of the Three Kingdoms" reveals in detail how the Eastern Wu struggled to cope with the severe challenges from the Shanyue ethnic groups in the south of the Yangtze River during the Three Kingdoms period. Through an in-depth historical investigation, this article shows the complex situation and tenacious determination of the Soochow regime in the face of the Shanyue issue.
First, by describing the origins of the Shanyue ethnic group, the article highlights their deep roots in the Jiangnan region. This is important for understanding why Soochow invested so much in the struggle against Shanyue. At the same time, the author cleverly avoids oversimplifying the identity of Shangoshi, presents the diversity of this group from a multi-angle perspective, and provides readers with a more comprehensive understanding.
Secondly, the article vividly describes the threat posed to Shanyue in the early stage of Soochow's development. By depicting Sun Ce's attack when he first established his territory, and the scene of being instigated to attack after breaking with Yuan Shu, the reader deeply feels the strength of Shanyue's power and the obstruction of the Eastern Wu regime. This provides a historical background for how the Soochow regime resolved the Shanyue issue in the later text, making it easier for readers to understand the situation of Soochow.
Furthermore, the article emphasizes the efforts made by the Soochow regime to resolve the Shanyue issue. By mentioning the contributions of many famous Eastern Wu generals such as Zhou Yu, Pan Jun, and Lü Meng in quelling the Shanyue rebellion, as well as Sun Quan's main energy against Shanyue, the persistence and hard work of Eastern Wu in this struggle are highlighted. This not only demonstrated the wisdom and courage of the Soochow regime, but also expressed their determination to rise to the occasion in the face of difficulties.
The most striking thing is that the article reproduces the non-negligible threat of Shanyue to Eastern Wu through Cao Cao's attempt to win over Shanyue after the Battle of Chibi. At the same time, by mentioning the large-scale military mobilization of Soochow against Shanyue and the degree of threat to Shanyue's national strength, readers have a deeper understanding of the complexity and seriousness of the Shanyue problem.
Finally, through Zhuge Ke's resolute actions and resourcefulness, the article shows how the Soochow regime finally solved the Shanyue problem. By setting up settlements and cutting off food, Soochow succeeded in getting a large number of Shanyue people to surrender, and finally achieved a solution to the Shanyue problem a few years later. This process demonstrated both the political wisdom of the Soochow regime and its ability to effectively respond to internal and external threats.
Overall, the article "Dongwu Resists Shanyue: Jiangnan Beacon Fire in the Troubled Times of the Three Kingdoms" profoundly restores the difficult course of the Dongwu regime on the Shanyue issue during the Three Kingdoms period. Through vivid descriptions and detailed historical investigations, readers not only have a more comprehensive understanding of the Shanyue ethnic group, but also have a better understanding of the persistence and efforts of the Soochow regime in the midst of internal and external difficulties. This article is both an in-depth historical analysis and a tribute to the heroic struggle of the Soochow regime during that turbulent period.
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