In the history of China, there was a people who used to be called ".The strongest fighting nation in historyThey are brave, tenacious and loyal, and they have repeatedly defended the frontier for our country, resisted the aggression of foreign enemies, and defended the territory and sovereignty of the country. They are the Oroqen people.
It's just that this ethnic group has been living in the deep mountains and old forests, even if few locals have seen this ethnic group, but recently the Oroqen ethnic group has been brought out by Harbin Cultural Tourism.
Netizens said: The last time the people who invited the Oroqen out were Emperor Kangxi. Although it is a joke, it reflects the real history.
However, the last time the Oroqen people went out of the mountains was not during the Kangxi period, but during the War of Resistance Against Japan. As a member of the Chinese nation, in the face of the invasion of the Japanese invaders, the Oroqen people also bravely fought on the front line.
In the following article, let's learn about the historical development of the Oroqen people.
The Oroqen are an ethnic minority in northeastern China, with a population of less than 10,000, mainly distributed in Inner Mongolia and the Greater and Lesser Xing'an Mountains of Heilongjiang.
Their ancestors were nomadic peoples, living on reindeer, practicing shamanism, and having a long history and rich culture. However, there is still no conclusive conclusion on the origin of the Oroqen people, and there are mainly two different views, which are called the Murwei theory and the Su Shen theory.
Murowei said that he thinksThe Oroqen people evolved from the Murwei tribe during the Northern and Southern Dynasties.
Murwei is a Tungusic language ethnic group, which once established the Liao State and the Jin State, and has long been associated and integrated with the Han people. Among the Murwei tribes, the Bo Murwei and the Shen Mo Tan Murwei lived in the area north of present-day Heilongjiang and south of the Outer Xing'an Mountains, and were the main ancestors of the Oroqen people.
This statement is based on the fact that there are many similarities between the Oroqen and Murwei languages, and that some of the customs of the Oroqen people also have similarities with the Murwei people, such as shamanism, reindeer, hunting, etc.
Su Shen said that he thinksThe Oroqen people evolved from the Sushen tribe during the Shang and Zhou dynasties
Sushen is an ancient Northeast ethnic group, once named the Dongyi princes by the Zhou Dynasty, and had ** and war contacts with the Central Plains Dynasty. Among the Sushen tribes, Wofu and Wusugu, who lived in the present-day Heilongjiang River Valley, were the main ancestors of the Oroqen people.
The basis for this statement is that the Oroqen people's self-proclaimed "Oroqen" is similar to the pronunciation of Wofu, and some legends of the Oroqen people are also related to the Sushen people, such as the bear god and the dog god.
Both theories have their supporters, but most tend to be cautious and say that there is no conclusive evidence to prove which one is more true. The question of the origin of the Oroqen people is still a subject that needs to be studied in depth.
During the Yuan Dynasty, the Oroqen people had a very wide distribution, from the east of Lake Baikal to the north of the Heilongjiang River, from the west of the Shilka River to the east of Sakhalin Island.
At that time, they were called "people in the forest" and "people of the northern mountains", meaning people who lived in the forests and mountains. They came under the jurisdiction of the province of Liaoyang, but in fact did not fall under the direct rule of the Yuan dynasty, but maintained relative freedom and independence.
Their relationship with the Yuan Dynasty was mainly maintained through ** and tribute, and they provided the Yuan Dynasty with items such as mink, reindeer, and horses in exchange for daily necessities such as tea, salt, and cloth.
By the time of the Ming Dynasty, the Oroqen people were known as "Beishan Savages", which means people who live in forests and mountains.
It is said that they "rode the deer in and out", that is, rode reindeer on the vast snowy fields, looking for hunting opportunities. Therefore, they are also called "deer tribes", and the reindeer are their life partners and precious treasures.
It's just that during this period, the Oroqen people rarely went out of the mountains, and lived in the mountains almost all the time, relying on the natural gifts of God.
Until the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty.
In the mid-17th century, Russia's expansionist ambitions gradually reached China's Heilongjiang Valley, which has been Chinese territory since ancient times and is home to the Manchus and other northeastern peoples.
Despite China's opposition and warnings, Tsarist Russia repeatedly sent armed men to invade, plunder and kill.
In 1665 (the fourth year of Kangxi), the Russian army occupied the city of Yaksa (present-day Albazino, Russia) on the north bank of the upper reaches of the Heilongjiang River, and built a strong wooden city there as a base for invading China.
The Russian army carried out brutal burning, killing and looting of the local population, causing strong resistance and hatred among them. Emperor Kangxi was no longer dissatisfied with the aggression of Tsarist Russia, and was determined to expel the Tsarist army, recover the lost territory, and safeguard the country's sovereignty and territorial integrity.
In 1685 (the twenty-fourth year of Kangxi), Emperor Kangxi ordered General Sabusu to lead a Qing army of more than 2,000 people to attack the city of Yaxa.
This was the second time that the Qing army besieged the city of Yaksa.
In the second siege of the city of Yaksa by the Qing army, 565 Oroqen soldiers participated in the battle, and they shared the same hatred with the Qing army, fought to the death against the Russian army, and showed outstanding combat effectiveness and sacrifice.
The Oroqen people not only played an important role in the siege of the city, but also constantly harassed and reconnoitred during the ten months that the Qing army besieged the city of Yaksa, cutting off the supply and assistance of the Tsarist Russian army, leaving the Tsarist army isolated and helpless.
Finally, in April 1686, the Russian army was forced to surrender to the Qing army when it ran out of ammunition and food, and the city of Yaksa was recovered by the Qing army again, and the invasion of the Russian army was completely crushed.
In 1732 (the tenth year of Yongzheng), in order to consolidate its control over the Heilongjiang River valley and strengthen the defense of Tsarist Russia, the Qing Dynasty transferred 259 Oroqen soldiers from the local Oroqen and Daur ethnic minorities, and formed a 3,000-strong Eight Banners Army together with other Daur soldiers.
They were sent to the mouth of the Jilamatai River in Hulunbuir and built a fortified castle that served as an important stronghold for border defense.
The time has come to the real period of modern anti-Japanese resistance.
During this period, the Oroqen people spontaneously formed a team to join the anti-Japanese coalition army and became one of the main forces of the anti-Japanese army. In the Anti-Japanese Coalition Army.
In the Third, Sixth, Ninth and Eleventh Route Army, there were many Oroqen people.
Especially during the Japanese occupation of the three eastern provinces, the Oroqen people used their own hunting rifles as the first and launched a fierce struggle against the Japanese invaders in their familiar mountains and forests.
They not only played an important role in the battle, but also carried out extensive propaganda and mobilization in the rear, so that more Oroqen and other northeastern ethnic groups participated in the ranks of resistance against Japan.
The heroic performance of the Oroqen people in the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression made great contributions to the victory of the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and to safeguarding the unity of the motherland and the unity of the nation.
It was not until after the founding of the People's Republic of China that the Oroqen Banner was established with special approval, and the Oroqen people obtained the right to ethnic autonomy. However, they have resumed their simple life in peacetime, and many Chinese people lament that if it were not for this Harbin cultural tourism, it would be difficult for us to see the Oroqen people in the deep mountains.
Because in the statistics of 2021, there are only 9,168 Oroqen people, and some netizens ridiculed that the Oroqen people are even rarer than giant pandas!