Introduction:Orange-flavored desserts, orange-decorated delicacies, orange-scented fragrance ......There are many things related to oranges, and juicy oranges are Konishi's favorite fruit!In this column, let's talk about "oranges".
In the past few days, Sister Xiaoxi's various mobile news apps have pushed news about Chu Shijian, Mr. Chu Shijian passed away on March 5, 2019 in Yuxi, Yunnan Province, at the age of 91. In fact, as a post-80s generation, the senior sister is not familiar with Mr. Chu Shijian, but the people of his parents' generation have a lot of memories of him. Maybe Mr. Chu Shijian's life as a business tycoon is legendary and inspirational enough to make everyone miss it.
When the senior sister browsed the news, she found that hey, Chu Cheng (yes, it is the very famous and delicious Chu Cheng) is also run by Mr. Chu Shijian!As an orange controller, the senior sister is often entangled in front of the supermarket shelves, what is the difference between these many names of oranges?Taking the opportunity to inquire about Chu Cheng's information, the senior sister also checked and found that it was really a little different.
Orange, scientific name citrus sinensis, is the fruit of the citrus plant of the family Rutaceae, also known as yellow fruit, mandarin, golden ring, willow ding. Oranges originated in Southeast Asia and are cultivated in Jiangxi, Sichuan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Guizhou, Guangxi, Guangdong and northeastern Yunnan in China. The oranges we can buy in the market are mainly sweet oranges, navel oranges, blood oranges, rock sugar oranges, etc.
Sweet orange, Latin scientific name Citrus sinensis (L.).Osbeck, which first appeared in China, and the history of sweet orange cultivation in Guangdong dates back to the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD, which is recorded in the Dongguan Hanji and the Southern Grass and Trees. According to research, the Portuguese introduced sweet oranges from China to Europe around 1520, and from Europe to the Americas around 1565, and then to North Africa and Australia.
The Chu orange mentioned above is a sweet orange. Chu orange, specifically refers to the orange cultivated by Chu Shijian in Yunnan, Citrus genus of the Rutaceae family. Chu orange is native to southern China and is a specialty orange in the Yunnan region. The sucrose content of Chu oranges is between 4% and 6%, and the citric acid content is between 07% to 12%, vitamin C content 40-60mg 100ml. Because of Chu Shijian's personal color, and the sweet and juicy fruit itself, Chu Cheng was widely popular once it was launched"It's also spread widely.
Navel orange, English name N**el Orange, Latin scientific name Citrus sinensis osbeck. Navel oranges and sweet oranges are similar in appearance, the main differences are the size and shape of the leaves, and the appearance and shape of the fruit. Sweet orange leaves are usually ovate or ovate-oval, about 6 to 10 cm long and 3 to 5 cm wide. Navel orange leaves, on the other hand, are oval in shape and slightly smaller than sweet oranges, about 4 to 8 cm long and 2 to 4 cm wideThe fruit of sweet orange is spherical, oval or oblate, the color changes from orange-yellow to orange-red, and there are seeds in the flesh. The top of the fruit of navel oranges has an umbilicus (umbilicus, which refers to some incomplete carpel groups, which are completely wrapped by ripe orange peels to form a navel-like appearance), and there are generally no seeds in the flesh of navel oranges.
There are many subspecies of navel oranges, and the more common ones are Newhall navel orange, Linna navel orange, Washington navel orange, Gannan navel orange, etc.
Newhall navel orange, native to the United States, was introduced to China in 1978 and gradually developed into one of the main varieties due to its round appearance, early maturity and excellent quality. Newhall navel oranges contain a lot of vitamin C and carotene, with an edible rate of 75% and a vitamin C content of about 4655-64.0mg/100ml。
Linna navel orange is native to California, USA, introduced to China in 1979, and cultivated in Sichuan, Chongqing, Fujian, Hunan, Zhejiang and other places. Linna navel oranges ripen in mid to late November, with an edible rate of 80%, a juice rate of about 51%, and a vitamin C content of 48mg 100ml.
Washington navel oranges are native to Brazil in South America, and are mainly produced in the United States, Australia and other countries, and are also cultivated in Sichuan, Chongqing, Hubei and other places in China.
Gannan navel orange is a special product of China's southern Gannan region, the fruit of Gannan navel orange is large and full, the edible rate is 74%, containing more than 55% of fruit juice, it is a national geographical indication protected product, and has the honorary title of "Chinese famous fruit".
Blood orange, English name blood orange, Latin scientific name citrus sinensis, is a variant of common orange, also known as red orange. The most distinctive feature of blood oranges is that they have a deep red flesh and juice. Blood orange first appeared in Europe in 1850, mainly distributed in Sichuan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi and other places in China, and is more planted in Spain, Italy and North America in the world.
The more famous varieties of blood orange include Italian Tarocco blood orange, rose blood orange and so on.
Italian Tarocco blood orange is rich in nutrition, the juice is rich in polyphenolic compounds such as vitamin E, carotene, anthocyanins and flavonoids, which have physiological effects such as antioxidant, preventing cardiovascular diseases and inhibiting the occurrence of cancer, and the vitamin C content is about 64mg 100ml.
Rose blood orange, native to Italy, was first introduced from Albania in 1965, and was introduced from Italy and Algeria after 1972. Sichuan, Jiangxi, Chongqing, and Hunan have a small amount of cultivation.
Rock sugar orange is a unique variety in China, and the most famous is the production of Mayang, Hunan.
Hunan Mayang grows rock sugar oranges, with unique natural conditions: Mayang belongs to the first monsoon climate zone, with sufficient sunshine, moderate rainfall, and a long frost-free period (up to 303 days);Most of the areas where rock sugar oranges are planted in Mayang County are located in the Yuanma Basin, and the special basin structure produces a good accumulated temperature effectThe soil in the planting area is purple sand shale, which belongs to sandy loam, which has good permeability and is rich in potassium, phosphorus and other trace elements.
The good natural conditions have bred high-quality rock sugar oranges, and the soluble solids of Mayang rock sugar oranges are up to 158% with reducing sugar per 100ml juice 704g, invert sugar 1108g, total sugars 1088g, total acid 026g, vitamin C3636mg, juice rate 594%, edible rate 706%, orange flesh is rich in calcium, boron, iron, zinc and other trace elements. In 2000, the Ministry of Forestry of the People's Republic of China compiled and printed the "Yearbook of China's Famous and High-quality Native Products", which named Mayang as "the hometown of China's rock sugar oranges".
In addition to Mayang, Hunan, the quality of rock sugar oranges in Qianyang, Hunan, Yongxing, Yunnan Huaning and other places is also very good, so you may wish to try it if you have the opportunity.
Okay, so with all that said, do you know something about oranges?In fact, there are many kinds of oranges in the world, and the division of oranges is sometimes not so absolute, and many stores will not mark the botanical properties of oranges, at most they will write information such as the place of origin, and the origin, variety, appearance, taste and other factors also determine the characteristics of different oranges, so we just choose what we like!