Text Introduction
This article is a historical demystifying article, focusing on the funeral situation of Queen Ma after the death of the Ming Dynasty, introducing the funeral rules after the death of Queen Ma and Zhu Yuanzhang's deep feelings for Queen Ma, and at the same time the treatment of concubines after the death of ancient emperors.
How many people were buried after Queen Ma's death.
Empress Ma is a famous queen in the history of the Ming Dynasty, after her death, Zhu Yuanzhang ordered how many people to be buried as companions?Let's uncover the truth of history together.
In August of the fifteenth year of Hongwu (1382), Queen Ma fell ill while sleeping, and the ministers prayed to God for blessings, Zhu Yuanzhang ordered the world to seek good doctors, and gave the imperial doctor a death order to **, otherwise they would be buried together. The queen said to Zhu Yuanzhang: "Death and life, life is also, prayer is useless." And how can a doctor live? so that the medicine does not work, and you don't have to sin for the sake of concubines. ”
The queen of the horse was seriously ill and did not recover, and when she was dying, she asked Zhu Yuanzhang: "May Your Majesty seek advice from the virtuous, be cautious until the end, and the descendants will be virtuous, and the subjects will get what they want." (Ming History, Biography of Queen Ma).
A generation of virtuous queens still died in middle age, only 51 years old. "The emperor mourned and cried", which shows that Zhu Yuanzhang was very sad because of the death of his wife, so he no longer made a queen. This is indeed rare for Zhu Yuanzhang, who has dozens of wives and concubines.
According to the Ming Tongjian, after the death of Empress Ma, the funeral ceremony generally quoted the posthumous style of the Empress of the Song Dynasty: "All internal and external officials still follow the system of changing the sun and the moon, and they will be removed on the 27th."
At the same time, Zhu Yuanzhang personally formulated the "Sixteen" rules for Queen Ma's funeral, which were recorded in the "Ming Huidian" one by one.
The first is the provision of civil and military officials: 100 days of dropping out of the dynasty, "the day after hearing the funeral, the civil and military officials are dressed in consolation gifts", in the early morning of the next day after the funeral in Beijing, the civil and military officials in the early morning of the funeral, the plain clothes are outside the door, with mourning clothes into the presence, the end, the plain clothes are consoled, and the three days stop", the civil and military ** are all in service, starting from the day of the service, and the twenty-seventh day is removed, and the vegetarian clothes are still served. to 100 days to wear light-colored clothes".
The second is the stipulation for the subjects of the world: "Both men and women of the army and the people are dressed in plain clothes for three days", "starting from the obituary day, slaughter is prohibited in Beijing for 49 days, and outside for three days." Stop sacrificing for 100 days, stop marrying officials for 100 days, and military and civilian for 1 month. ”
The third is to have more requirements for the princes: it is enough to see that Zhu Yuanzhang has a great affection for Queen Ma.
1) In all seasons and death days, the East Palace, the prince sacrificed several feasts, and worshiped in the tomb.
2) East Palace, Prince, and Tomb Worship.
3) The East Palace, the prince is familiar with the cloth to practice the crown nine, go to the head, and the negative version of the collar declines, such as the court and the hundred officials, the green clothes, black gauze hats and black horn belts. The emperor and grandson are familiar with the cloth crown seven, go to the head, and the negative version leads the decline. Imperial concubines, crown princesses, princesses, princesses and granddaughters, covered their heads with cloth, and removed their waists. The clan, the horse, the service for three years, the crown, the head.
After the death of the emperor, how were the beauties of his harem treated?In fact, it has to do with their status and the dynasty they live in. In some dynasties, childless concubines were martyredThere are also some dynasties, concubines who did not help the emperor give birth to children will be sent to the cold palace or forced to become monks, like the famous Wu Zetian when he was still a "talented person", after the death of Tang Taizong, was sent to be a nun.
As for the concubines who have helped the emperor give birth to children, they are much luckier, and if their sons are doing well, they can move to their mansions;Even if their sons have a mediocre development, they will be promoted to concubines, and although they have no political status, they are basically no problem without worrying about food and clothing. In addition, no matter how the dynasty changes, the queen can eventually become the queen mother, even if the crown prince is not her child.
It is worth mentioning that the so-called "wealthy family is as deep as the sea", let alone entering the palace, especially some emperors will encounter overthrow, usurpation, and even tragic ruin, in this case, the concubines are often killed and cannot die well.
According to reports, the tomb is located near the Banqiao Sanshan Brick and Tile Factory in Nanjing, and the excavation began after the local villagers told them that there was an epitaph of the Ming Dynasty here. "The epitaph and the cover are in the shape of a mussel, and there is a seal on the inner wall of the epitaph cover 'Baoqing eldest princess'. ”
According to Gong Juping, an archaeologist from the Archaeological Department of the Nanjing Museum, the tomb is located on a hill surrounded by dwarf trees and thorns.
Gong Juping said that according to the tomb and the remnants of the brick tomb, it can be judged that this tomb should be a noble tomb in the early Ming Dynasty. The tomb is divided into anterior and posterior chambers, with a total length of about 7-8 meters, and niches on its side walls.
The tomb was discovered last Thursday, and this piece is supposed to be a family burial group, not just the tomb of Baoqing. According to Gong Juping, they knew about the Ming Dynasty tomb from the local villagers, and the tomb of Zhao Hui, the husband of Princess Baoqing, was found near the three mountains of Banqiao, Nanjing, in 1995, and the two tombs were less than 10 meters apart.
And some archaeologists revealed that the tombs of Princess Baoqing's eldest grandson Zhao Borong and her grandson Zhao Bowei are also nearby.
According to the "History of the Ming Dynasty", Zhu Yuanzhang had 26 sons and 16 daughters in his life, the youngest of which was the princess Baoqing. In 1398, Zhu Yuanzhang died, and a total of 38 of his harem concubines were forced to commit suicide and be buried, in addition to more than 10 palace maids who had served in bed but were not titled, all buried on the west side of the Ming Tomb.
Princess Baoqing was raised by her sister-in-law, Empress Ming Chengzu Renxiao**. She married when she was 19 years old, and her husband was Zhao Hui, a thousand households guarding the Jinchuan Gate in Nanjing. Gong Juping told the morning newspaper reporter that the tomb of Princess Baoqing is located near the three mountains of Banqiao, Nanjing, and the legend of the Sanshan Temple not far from here is that Zhao Hui paid for it.
Chang Yuchun, a famous general of the Ming Dynasty, has a strange appearance, Shen Yi and resolute, long arms and good shooting, brave and good at fighting, and has a good command of the army, claiming to be able to run rampant in the world with 100,000 people, and is called "Chang 100,000" in the army, which has made great contributions to Zhu Yuanzhang to fight the world. Such a warrior who gallops on the battlefield is a "strict wife" at home, just because his wife is too powerful.
Wang Wenlu's "The Legend of Long Xingci" recorded that Zhu Yuanzhang sympathized with Chang Yuchun for not having a son, so he rewarded him with two palace maids and asked them to pass incense for Chang Yuchun. These two palace maids had long heard that Chang Yuchun's wife was not easy to mess with, so they didn't dare to approach Chang Yuchun at all. One morning, Chang Yuchun got up, and the two palace maids finally caught a serving Chang Yuchun, so they fetched a basin of water and brought it into the room for him to freshen upI probably wanted to touch that hand, too, but at the thought of my terrible lady, I sighed and went up.
When he went home, his wife asked someone to take out a red box, and he wondered, what day is today, and his wife gave it to him personallyFlattered, I took it, opened it and looked at it, almost fainting: the hands that I praised myself in the morning were lying in the box bloody at this time!
Since then, Chang Yuchun has been frightened, he has no energy when he goes to work, when others bow down to the emperor, he stands like a log, and when others get up, he wants to bow down, so in a trance, Zhu Yuanzhang, who is very vigilant, is suspicious: "Look at your gods, it's not like before, don't you want to ** me!."Chang Yuchun hurriedly revealed the truth, and reported to Zhu Yuanzhang on the "activities" of his wife. Zhu Yuanzhang laughed: "I have a lot of palace maids, just reward you two, you can go to the harem to drink and relieve your worries for the time being!."When drinking, the waiter brought a bowl of soup, and Zhu Yuanzhang said: "Drink it, this is jealous soup, it tastes very good!."Zhu Yuanzhang said too fast, Chang Yuchun may have heard it as "Du Fu soup", anyway, he didn't hear it clearly, and of course he didn't understand the meaning of this soup, and when he drank it in his mouth, it tasted really delicious.
After drinking a little wine at the emperor's place, the depression in Chang Yuchun's heart was indeed dissipated a lot. On the way, he saw some ministers holding a small package in their hands, so he asked them what they were carrying, and the ministers said, "The emperor has divided the meat today, haven't you received it?""What kind of meat are you portioning?The packages are all covered with notes, "Meat of a Woman". "I don't understand, I don't understand!Chang Yuchun, who drank too much, thought the name of this meat was weird, but he just couldn't understand what kind of meat it was.
When he returned home, as usual, his first homework was to ask his wife to report to him: "Madam, I'm back, the emperor invited me to drink today!."I said it several times, but no one answered, and I searched all over the house, but I couldn't find my wife. The servant came miserably at this time: "Madame is gone!."”
It turned out that Zhu Yuanzhang took advantage of Chang Yuchun to drink, and asked the warrior to dismantle Mrs. Chang into eight pieces, a small part of which was made into soup, and most of it was rewarded to the heroes. Chang Yuchun only woke up at this time, and it turned out that what he drank at the emperor's place just now was his wife's broth!I couldn't help but vomit all the food I ate, and I was scared from then on. Later, at the age of 39, he died violently, probably from a seizure.
Text Core Content].
After the death of Empress Ma, Zhu Yuanzhang ordered the formulation of strict funeral rules, including regulations for civil and military officials, subjects of the world, and princes. Zhu Yuanzhang has a very deep affection for Queen Ma, no longer establishes a queen, and personally formulates "sixteen" rules for Queen Ma's funeral. After the death of ancient emperors, the treatment of concubines was related to their status and dynasty, and concubines without children may be buried, while concubines with children may enjoy better treatment. During Zhu Yuanzhang's lifetime, 38 concubines and more than a dozen palace maids were forced to be martyred, and these tombs are located on the west side of the Ming Tomb. The article also mentions Zhu Yuanzhang's severe punishment of other meritorious heroes, such as the wife of Chang Yuchun, to show his strict court discipline.